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yaoguiyang木蟲 (小有名氣)
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A crucial element of tissue engineering is to create a favorable extracellular microenvironment, mainly the extracellular matrix (ECM), to guide cell differentiation and tissue regeneration. The ECM imparts a wealth of biochemical and biomechanical cues, of which the latter can be presented in the form of nanotopography and matrix stiffness. Recent findings show that mammalian cells do respond to nanoscale features on synthetic surfaces. Our previous studies show that nanotopography can significantly influence cellular behavior ranging from morphological changes to differentiation. For example, we have demonstrated that nanotopography alone can upregulate the neuronal markers of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). A recent study has also demonstrated the important roles of topography in onedimensional and three-dimensional cell migration. In addition to topography, the extracellular microenvironment may also provide signaling cues to the anchorage-dependent cells via a feedback of local matrix stiffness. Matrix elasticity can direct hMSCs to differentiate into specific lineages: a soft matrix induces a neurogenic phenotype, while increasingly stiffer matrices inducemyogenic and osteogenic phenotypes accordingly. Taken together, the observations of nanotopography-induced and stiffnessdirected differentiation suggest that physical interactions between the cells and the extracellular environment, either in the form of topography or stiffness, or the combination thereof, can modulate cell function and stem cell differentiation. Increasing evidence indicates that cellular interaction with the ECM plays a critical role in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, gene expression and signal transduction. At the cellmatrix interface, the mechanical force interaction between the cell and ECM occurs through the focal adhesions (FAs), which link the ECM to the contractile cytoskeleton, thereby activating FA signaling pathways. |
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reko34
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yaoguiyang: 金幣+55, 翻譯EPI+1, ★★★★★最佳答案 2014-06-19 15:46:45
yaoguiyang: 金幣+55, 翻譯EPI+1, ★★★★★最佳答案 2014-06-19 15:46:45
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組織工程學(xué)的一個關(guān)鍵元素是建立有利的細(xì)胞外微環(huán)境，主要為細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)（ECM），以便引導(dǎo)細(xì)胞分化和組織再生。ECM給出大量生化和生物力學(xué)的提示，后者能以納米形貌和基質(zhì)基質(zhì)硬度的形式表現(xiàn)。近期的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，哺乳動物的細(xì)胞在合成表面上對納米尺度的特性作出反應(yīng)。我們之前的研究顯示，納米形貌從形態(tài)變化到分化顯著影響細(xì)胞行為。例如我們展示了納米形貌本身就能上調(diào)人間充質(zhì)干細(xì)胞(hMSCs)的神經(jīng)元標(biāo)記。近期的研究也表明，地形在一維和三維細(xì)胞遷移中起重要作用。 除地形之外，細(xì)胞外環(huán)境也能通過局部基質(zhì)硬度反饋對錨定依賴性細(xì)胞提供信號提示�；|(zhì)彈性能引導(dǎo)hMSCs分化為具體的譜系：軟基質(zhì)誘發(fā)神經(jīng)源型，而越來越硬的基質(zhì)誘發(fā)肌源型及成骨型�？傊�，對納米形貌誘發(fā)的和硬度引導(dǎo)的分化觀測顯示，細(xì)胞和細(xì)胞外環(huán)境之間相互的物理作用——以地形或硬度的形式或兩者的組合——能調(diào)節(jié)細(xì)胞功能和干細(xì)胞分化。越來越多的證據(jù)顯示，細(xì)胞與ECM的相互作用在調(diào)節(jié)細(xì)胞增殖、分化、基因表現(xiàn)和信號轉(zhuǎn)換中起到關(guān)鍵作用。在細(xì)胞基質(zhì)界面，細(xì)胞和ECM之間的機(jī)械力作用通過粘著斑(FAs)發(fā)生，將ECM連接到可收縮細(xì)胞骨架，由此觸發(fā)FA信號通路。 |
2樓2014-06-19 15:10:03
yaoguiyang
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