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柒柒寵菇?jīng)?/font>新蟲(chóng) (初入文壇)
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整體要求簡(jiǎn)練,言簡(jiǎn)意賅,因?yàn)榻^大部分 journal 對(duì) Abstract 都有字?jǐn)?shù)限制,一般150~250 words. 先簡(jiǎn)單描述一下自己工作的前沿背景,幾句話(huà),然后引出自己的實(shí)驗(yàn)(“In this paper...”; “Herein...” or “Here, we...”),主要陳述實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果,可稍帶提一下所用到的重要方法的名稱(chēng),然后說(shuō)明你的結(jié)果的意義 “These data suggest...”;最后總結(jié)拔高 “In a word,...” or “In summary,...”. Introduction 描述跟你的實(shí)驗(yàn)相關(guān)的領(lǐng)域研究現(xiàn)狀及存在的問(wèn)題,自然的過(guò)度到你實(shí)驗(yàn)的意義和重要性。“Although..., there are still... so far” “Here, for the first time, we have used...”。如果你前面已發(fā)過(guò)相關(guān)的文章,要插入引用一下 “We recently showed that...” 或 “Our previous studies have shown that.... These results verify that...” “Here...” “To explore this hypothesis, we generated...”. 寫(xiě)好Introduction需要有大量的參考文獻(xiàn)做基礎(chǔ),摘取短語(yǔ)、詞組、句子進(jìn)行 reorganize。調(diào)節(jié)好前后句子的邏輯順序及銜接。 Materials and Methods. 這部分可以從別的文章摘到現(xiàn)成的方法描述,加以改造,替換成自己的實(shí)驗(yàn)條件,變成自己的表達(dá)方式,近幾年 journal 對(duì)抄襲句子的現(xiàn)象抓得特別嚴(yán),多注意。太復(fù)雜的經(jīng)典方法,可以簡(jiǎn)單描述后加上參考文獻(xiàn)“Briefly, ... [ref]”;也可以直接引用參考文獻(xiàn) “The...method was performed as described previously [ref]”. Results 這一部分很重要。要按照一定的邏輯順序進(jìn)行 organize,結(jié)果描述要準(zhǔn)確、專(zhuān)業(yè),一些重要的數(shù)據(jù)可以放在結(jié)果部分的文字描述中,如 IC50、EC50、抑制百分率、P 值等等。這部分不能像 Introduction 那樣寫(xiě)太多的理論性的東西。每段的開(kāi)頭或一些連接的地方可以簡(jiǎn)單地用一些理論性的或總結(jié)性的句子。在陳述你的實(shí)驗(yàn)操作和看到的結(jié)果和表面現(xiàn)象時(shí)用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài),陳述不以人的意志為轉(zhuǎn)移的規(guī)律、結(jié)論性的內(nèi)容時(shí)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 一些常用的短語(yǔ)及句式有: “In order to prove..., we used...”; “We have set up...”; “To demonstrate..., we further...”; “Consistently/Consistent with...”; “Compared with...”; “Thus, at current time, we have evidence that...”; “We next characterized...”; “We found that...”; “We have noticed that...”; “It’s known that...”; “So we introduced... In our study...”; “In contrast...”; “These data suggest that...”; “So we next explored...”; “Notably, ...”; “Importantly, ...”; “Furthermore...”; “Moreover...”; “We have previously shown that...”; “As shown in Fig. 1, ...”; “Fig. 1 shows...”; “Overall, ...”; “Taken together, these results suggest...”; “These data are consistent with the notion that...”; “Next, we examined the effect of...”; “We next set out to determine whether...”; “Lastly, we examined...”; “In order to establish...”. Discussion. 這一部分最重要,也最難寫(xiě),是大家最容易犯錯(cuò)的地方。即使是對(duì)一些發(fā)了很多文章的老教授來(lái)說(shuō),這部分仍然是塊硬骨頭,尤其是top paper,Discussion 非常重要,因?yàn)樵u(píng)閱你paper的人,都是世界頂級(jí)的大牛。首先要注意,Discussion 不能過(guò)多地羅列和重復(fù)結(jié)果部分的內(nèi)容,這是常犯的錯(cuò)誤,因?yàn)楦杏X(jué)沒(méi)什么可說(shuō)的,就重復(fù)結(jié)果來(lái)充數(shù)。討論部分可以就你的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果論述與你的結(jié)果密切相關(guān)的研究現(xiàn)狀存在的一系列問(wèn)題,你的工作是解決的哪一部分問(wèn)題。討論要延伸出很多結(jié)果部分所體現(xiàn)不出來(lái)的信息,如你的工作的長(zhǎng)期效應(yīng)、潛在效應(yīng)、與他人工作的比較,相同之處、不同之處、你的優(yōu)勢(shì)、你的結(jié)果存在的問(wèn)題、局限性及其原因、將來(lái)可以改進(jìn)的地方等等。也可以就你實(shí)驗(yàn)中得到的跟預(yù)期不一致的interesting的結(jié)果簡(jiǎn)單討論一下可能的原因。對(duì)一些top 的paper 來(lái)說(shuō),你的research 中的一些問(wèn)題是很難躲得掉的,還不如主動(dòng)提出討論,變被動(dòng)為主動(dòng)。對(duì)一般的文章,另當(dāng)別論,一般大家都喜歡畫(huà)一個(gè)圓滿(mǎn)的圈。寫(xiě)作風(fēng)格上每個(gè)人不一樣,有溫文爾雅、按部就班的,也有如西部牛仔一樣豪放的,都沒(méi)問(wèn)題。討論開(kāi)始,可以開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山:“Here, we describe....”或“In this paper, we show that.... Importantly, ..., suggesting...” 下面是一些常用的短語(yǔ)和句式: “Overall, our studies establish the...”; “Although there are important discoveries revealed by these studies, there are also limitations. First, ...; Second, ...; Third, ...; Fourth, ...; Last, ...Overall, ...”; “Furthermore, our results suggest that...”; “Our results suggest a possibility of...”; “One important future direction of ...is...”; “To this end, we show that...”; “However, none of these approaches to date holds the...”; “Our studies serve as a proof-of-concept that...”; “This could explain why...”; “Alternatively, ... may be operative...”; “Thus, future iterations of ... may in fact demonstrate even greater potency.”; “On the other hand, the lack of...”; “In summary, we have identified...”; “Our results confirm that...”; “These studies thus offer a new strategy to treat...” Acknowledgements 這一部分主要感謝友情給你幫助的,如給過(guò)你質(zhì)粒、細(xì)胞或其它材料的,技術(shù)服務(wù) 及寫(xiě)作指導(dǎo)的,最后寫(xiě)基金號(hào),寫(xiě)多少都行。 |
學(xué)習(xí) | 飛來(lái)山上千尋塔 |
新蟲(chóng) (文壇精英)
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鐵桿木蟲(chóng) (知名作家)
新蟲(chóng) (初入文壇)
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