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[資源]
Dynamic Condensation of Semiconductor Microcavity Polaritons
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DYNAMIC CONDENSATION OF SEMICONDUCTOR MICROCAVITY POLARITONS a dissertation submitted to the department of applied physics and the committee on graduate studies of stanford university in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy Hui Deng June 2006 Abstract There are a countable number of experimental systems where a macroscopic quantum order is established, such as lasers, superfluids, superconductors and Bose-Einstein condensates of atomic vapors. Each of these systems has deepened our fundamental understanding of many-body physics, and has led to novel research tools as well as applications. A newcomer to the family is the unique half-light half-matter quasi- particles in solids { the semiconductor microcavity polaritons. In this thesis, we use microcavities with multiple GaAs-quantum wells and search for a macroscopic phase of the polaritons at a temperature of 4 K. We demonstrated a quantum degeneracy threshold of polaritons stemming from the Bose-final state stimulation of polaritons. The threshold density is two orders of magnitude less than that of a photon laser and well below the electronic population inversion condition. This result is a proof of principle that microcavity polaritons hold promise for a new source of coherent light with high energy efficiency. Further, many of the quantum statistical properties of polariton can be directly measured by well-developed optical techniques. We study for the first time the time- domain second order coherence function of the polaritons, and demonstrate that macroscopic coherence gradually builds up in the polariton ground state above the quantum degeneracy threshold. We measure the momentum distributions of the polaritons, and observe a quantum degenerate Bose-Einstein distribution at the lattice temperature, with a chemical potential close to zero. This is the first observation of simultaneous quantum degeneracy and thermal equilibrium in a gas of quasi-particles in solids. Polarization properties and spatial distributions of the polariton condensate also show distinct features associated with the phase transition. |
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2016-08-19 00:12:06, 2.3 M
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