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新手已上路木蟲(chóng) (職業(yè)作家)
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利用納米技術(shù)生產(chǎn)更加安全環(huán)保的尿不濕和衛(wèi)生產(chǎn)品 已有3人參與
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根據(jù)發(fā)表在《Applied Materials Today》上的一項(xiàng)最新研究，一種由微型納米纖維制成的新材料，可以替代現(xiàn)在尿不濕和衛(wèi)生產(chǎn)品中使用的潛在有害物質(zhì)。 該論文的作者（來(lái)自印度理工學(xué)院）介紹，他們的新材料對(duì)環(huán)境影響較小，而且比人們現(xiàn)在使用的材料更加安全。 過(guò)去幾十年里，一次性尿不濕，衛(wèi)生棉和其它衛(wèi)生用品用高吸水樹(shù)脂（SAPs）作為吸收劑。這些物質(zhì)能夠吸收幾倍于自身重量的液體；平均每個(gè)尿不濕能吸收30倍于自身重量的體液。但是這個(gè)材料不能生物降解：在理想條件下，一個(gè)尿不濕要花500年才能降解。SAPs還會(huì)產(chǎn)生中毒性休克綜合征這樣的健康問(wèn)題，在20世紀(jì)80年代它們被禁止在衛(wèi)生棉上使用。 據(jù)研究人員介紹，一種由靜電醋酸纖維素納米纖維（electrospun cellulose acetate nanofibers）制成的新材料，沒(méi)有這些缺點(diǎn)。在他們的研究中，研究團(tuán)隊(duì)分析了該材料，他們認(rèn)為可以代替目前女性衛(wèi)生產(chǎn)品中使用的SAPs。 “長(zhǎng)時(shí)間使用市售產(chǎn)品，可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致中毒性休克綜合征和其他癥狀，開(kāi)發(fā)SAPs的安全替代品，這非常重要，” 該論文的通訊作者錢(qián)德拉·沙馬博士說(shuō)。我們建議在不改變產(chǎn)品性能，甚至提高其吸水性和舒適性的基礎(chǔ)上，消除目前市售產(chǎn)品中使用的有害物質(zhì)，非生物降解高吸水性樹(shù)脂。 納米纖維是利用電紡紗技術(shù)生產(chǎn)的一種長(zhǎng)而薄的纖維。由于它們的表面積大，研究人員認(rèn)為它們比現(xiàn)有材料的吸水性更高。市售衛(wèi)生棉中使用的材料是由扁平的，帶狀纖維制成，大約30微米后。相比之下，納米纖維的厚度是150納米，要比目前材料薄200倍。該材料比現(xiàn)有產(chǎn)品中使用的材料更舒適，在使用后留下的殘留物更少。 納米纖維材料也是多孔材料（超過(guò)90%），傳統(tǒng)材料（80%），因此它吸水性更強(qiáng)。還可以證明一點(diǎn)：用生理鹽水和人工合成尿液測(cè)試，靜電紡織纖維材料比市售產(chǎn)品更吸水。他們也測(cè)試了兩個(gè)添加SAPs的納米纖維材料的不同版本，對(duì)比結(jié)果表明，單獨(dú)使用納米纖維的效果更好。 “我們的研究結(jié)果表明，靜電紡織納米纖維在吸水性和舒適性等方面都優(yōu)于市售的衛(wèi)生產(chǎn)品，我們認(rèn)為這是取代目前使用的有害物質(zhì)產(chǎn)品的很好備選，”夏爾馬博士說(shuō)�！拔覀兿Ｍㄟ^(guò)衛(wèi)生產(chǎn)品更安全的使用和處置，能夠?qū)θ祟惤】岛铜h(huán)境產(chǎn)生積極影響。” 以下為英文原文： Nanotech could give us safer, greener diapers and sanitary products A new material made of tiny nanofibers could replace potentially harmful materials found in diapers and sanitary products, according to new research published in Applied Materials Today. The authors of the new paper, from the Indian Institute of Technology, say their new material would have less of an environmental impact and be safer for humans than existing materials. For the last few decades, disposable diapers, sanitary napkins and other sanitary products have been made absorbent using superabsorbent polymers (SAPs). These materials are capable of absorbing many times their own weight in liquid; the average diaper can absorb 30 times its own weight in bodily fluids. But the material is not biodegradable: in ideal conditions, it can take as long as 500 years for a diaper to degrade. And SAPs have been linked to health problems like Toxic Shock Syndrome, leading to their ban in tampons in the 1980s. According to researchers, a new material – made of electrospun cellulose acetate nanofibers – does not have these drawbacks. In their study the team analyzed the material, and they suggest it could replace the use of SAPs in female hygiene products. "Prolonged use of commercially available products could lead to toxic shock syndrome and other conditions, so it's vital to develop a safe alternative to SAPs," explained Dr. Chandra Sharma, corresponding author of the study. "We propose to eliminate the use of harmful, non-biodegradable superabsorbent polymers from commercially available sanitary napkins without compromising the performance, and even enhancing absorbency and comfort." The nanofibers are long and very thin fibers made using a technique called elecrospinning – spinning using electricity. Because of their large surface area compared to their volume, the researchers thought they would be more absorbent than existing materials. They compared the performance of the material to commercially available sanitary napkins and found it to be even more absorbent. The material used in commercially available sanitary napkins is made up of flat, ribbon-like fibers that are about 30 micrometers thick. In contrast, the nanofibers are about 150 nanometers thick – about 200 times thinner. The material is more comfortable than those used in existing products and leaves behind less residue after use. The nanofiber material is also more porous (over 90 percent) than the traditional material used (80 percent), making it more absorbent. This was confirmed: in tests using saline and synthetic urine, the electrospun fiber material was much more absorbent than commercially available products. They also tested two alternative versions of the nanofiber material with SAPs added and found they were not as absorbent as the nanofibers alone. "Our results show that electrospun nanofibers outperform commercially available sanitary products in terms of absorbency and comfort, and we think this makes it a good candidate to replace the potentially harmful materials currently used," said Dr. Sharma. "By making sanitary products safer to use and dispose, we hope to have a global impact on health and the environment." |
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