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[優(yōu)秀文章推薦]中科院解析生長素調(diào)控葉片展開的分子機制
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Spatially Defined Auxin Signaling in the Marginal and Middle Domains 該研究發(fā)現(xiàn)植物激素生長素對葉片原基的展開具有重要作用,揭示了葉片形成過程中,近-遠(yuǎn)軸極性通過生長素信號通路介導(dǎo)轉(zhuǎn)換為中-邊軸極性,從而使葉片展開的分子機制。值得一提的是,該成果是今年繼焦雨鈴課題組在發(fā)現(xiàn)側(cè)芽中干細(xì)胞建立的分子機制(Wang et al., 2017, Plant Cell)和揭示葉片非對稱發(fā)育的生物力學(xué)調(diào)控機制(Qi et al., 2017, Nature Plants)之后,又一重要研究成果。 葉片是植物進(jìn)行光合作用的主要器官。為了最大限度提高光合能力,高等植物的葉片進(jìn)化出了具有極性(即不對稱性)的扁平的形狀。雖然葉片的展開對于高效光合至關(guān)重要,我們尚不了解葉片原基如何在發(fā)育過程中展開以形成扁平結(jié)構(gòu)。 MP Activates WOX1 and PRS Expression in the Marginal and Middle Domains 在前期的研究中,焦雨鈴研究組發(fā)現(xiàn)葉片原基中存在生長素濃度差異,近軸面(葉片靠近莖尖一側(cè),即背面)生長素濃度低,遠(yuǎn)軸面(腹面)生長素濃度高(Qi et al., 2014, PNAS 111:18769-18774)。通過對生長素、生長素信號轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)通路下游的響應(yīng)因子進(jìn)行精細(xì)成像,進(jìn)一步發(fā)現(xiàn)生長素與下游響應(yīng)因子MP僅存在部分重疊,從而在近-遠(yuǎn)軸面之間的中間區(qū)界定了高生長素信號。進(jìn)而,MP可以直接激活WOX1和PRS在中間區(qū)特異的表達(dá)。WOX1和PRS是中間區(qū)形成的決定因子,是葉片向兩側(cè)展開的關(guān)鍵。此外,葉片遠(yuǎn)軸面特異表達(dá)的生長素通路下游響應(yīng)因子ARF2、ARF3和ARF4則直接抑制WOX1和PRS在遠(yuǎn)軸面區(qū)域的表達(dá)。MP和ARF2/3/4的共同作用使WOX1和PRS在葉片中間區(qū)域特異表達(dá),從而使葉片能夠展開。上述結(jié)果闡述了葉片形成過程中,近-遠(yuǎn)軸極性通過生長素信號通路介導(dǎo)轉(zhuǎn)換為中-邊軸極性,從而使葉片展開的分子機制。該課題組最近的另一項研究從生物力學(xué)的角度解釋了中間區(qū)的重要性和生長素對葉片發(fā)育的調(diào)控(Qi et al., 2017, Nature Plants 3:724-733)。 MP and ARF3 Play Antagonistic Roles in Regulating WOX1 Expression The flattening of leaves to form broad blades is an important adaptation that maximizes photosynthesis. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this process remains unclear. The WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX (WOX) genes WOX1 and PRS are expressed in the leaf marginal domain to enable leaf flattening, but the nature of WOX expression establishment remains elusive. Here, we report that adaxial-expressed MONOPTEROS (MP) and abaxial-enriched auxin together act as positional cues for patterning the WOX domain. MP directly binds to the WOX1 and PRS promoters and activates their expression. Furthermore, redundant abaxial-enriched ARF repressors suppress WOX1 and PRS expression, also through direct binding. In particular, we show that ARF2 is redundantly required with ARF3 and ARF4 to maintain the abaxial identity. Taken together, these findings explain how adaxial-abaxial polarity patterns the mediolateral axis and subsequent lateral expansion of leaves. |
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