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[資源] 【原創(chuàng)】金屬所在ECAP方面的研究工作進(jìn)展

等通道轉(zhuǎn)角擠壓（Equal Channel Angular Pressing, ECAP）自從上世紀(jì)80年代由Segal在前蘇聯(lián)明斯克的一個(gè)研究所提出后，Valiev等的相關(guān)研究極大地推動(dòng)了ECAP基礎(chǔ)理論與相關(guān)技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展。在進(jìn)行ECAP擠壓過程中樣品的橫截面積不變，因此可以通過多道次擠壓實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)材料的嚴(yán)重塑性變形成功獲得亞微米晶甚至納米晶材料。該類材料不僅有良好的研究?jī)r(jià)值，也具有非常廣闊的應(yīng)用前景。歷經(jīng)二十余年的研究和探索，材料科學(xué)工作者在超細(xì)晶和納米材料的制備工藝、微觀結(jié)構(gòu)表征、形變機(jī)制和力學(xué)性能等方面取得了長(zhǎng)足的進(jìn)步，尤其是在微觀結(jié)構(gòu)與力學(xué)性能的關(guān)系方面有了較為深入的了解。

   國(guó)內(nèi)也廣泛開展ECAP方面的研究，南理工的王經(jīng)濤教授開展工作較早，早年在日本訪問時(shí)就開展了這方面的工作，尤其是他參與的ECAP變形量方面的工作96年發(fā)表在Scripta后已成為該雜志引用最高的文章，而且他與Valiev教授，Landon教授等國(guó)際知名學(xué)者也都建立了良好的合作關(guān)系，2011年的第五屆nanoSPD會(huì)議也將在南京理工大學(xué)召開。華南理工大學(xué)（中南大學(xué)）的李賽毅教授在ECAP變形過程中的變形織構(gòu)問題上做出了具有代表性的工作，并在國(guó)際著名的雜志Acta上發(fā)表多篇文章。此外，哈工大的鄭明毅教授，上交的單愛黨教授，北鋼院的楊剛研究員等也做出了出色的工作。其他還有一些國(guó)內(nèi)的教授和研究單位也開展ECAP方面的研究，因?yàn)楸救瞬攀鑼W(xué)淺了解不多，在這里就不一一介紹了，還請(qǐng)大家多多原諒，也期望大家介紹自己的特色工作。

金屬研究所在ECAP方面也開展了不少工作，沈陽材料科學(xué)國(guó)家(聯(lián)合)實(shí)驗(yàn)室材料疲勞與斷裂研究部的張哲峰研究員和吳世丁研究員在近幾年也做出了一系列出色的工作，得到了國(guó)內(nèi)外不少學(xué)者的贊譽(yù)和關(guān)注。下面簡(jiǎn)略介紹一下部分工作成果，供大家參考：
   首先，成功揭示了ECAP變形過程中27度剪切流線的原因，并對(duì)ECAP變形機(jī)制做出了修正。關(guān)于ECAP的變形機(jī)制學(xué)術(shù)界普遍認(rèn)為變形是集中于模具對(duì)角面附近，而且剪切方向是沿對(duì)角面施加的，但也有一些相關(guān)的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果并不能很好地從目前的變形方式去理解。他們創(chuàng)造性的利用特殊設(shè)計(jì)的單、雙晶從晶體取向和晶界幾何類型方面深入研究了ECAP的變形機(jī)制，提出材料在ECAP模具對(duì)角面附近發(fā)生嚴(yán)重塑性變形，除了沿模具對(duì)角面切應(yīng)力的作用外，沿垂直于模具對(duì)角面的切應(yīng)力也起很重要的作用，而且晶體的原始取向和晶界幾何類型對(duì)于材料的微觀機(jī)制演化和晶粒細(xì)化有著重要的影響。
   其次，在利用具有特殊取向的Al單晶揭示ECAP變形機(jī)制的基礎(chǔ)上，他們?cè)俅卧O(shè)計(jì)了具有特殊取向的單晶并結(jié)合層錯(cuò)能極低的合金，深入分析了晶體取向、層錯(cuò)能和晶粒尺寸對(duì)于變形孿生行為的影響，給出合理深入的分析，從而加深對(duì)面心立方金屬形變孿生行為的理解。
   此外，利用具有不同層錯(cuò)能的Cu-Al合金揭示了，在ECAP變形中，隨著層錯(cuò)能的降低，晶粒細(xì)化機(jī)制由位錯(cuò)分割轉(zhuǎn)化為孿晶分裂機(jī)制，變形后材料的極限晶粒尺寸減小。仔細(xì)分析了大塑性變形后影響結(jié)構(gòu)的因素。具有較高或較低層錯(cuò)能材料，變形后的結(jié)構(gòu)受外部變形條件影響較小，更容易形成均勻結(jié)構(gòu)。反之，具有中等層錯(cuò)能材料變形后的結(jié)構(gòu)受外部變形條件影響較大。通過降低層錯(cuò)能，可以使得Cu-Al合金的強(qiáng)度和塑性能夠的同時(shí)提高。
   而且，作為研究部的傳統(tǒng)，本組在ECAP制備材料的拉伸性能、疲勞性能和疲勞損傷機(jī)制方面也進(jìn)行了深入的研究。最近受國(guó)家基金委重點(diǎn)基金資助，即將深入開展超細(xì)晶和非晶材料方面的疲勞性能和疲勞損傷機(jī)制研究。本課題組收到金屬學(xué)報(bào)的邀請(qǐng)即將對(duì)本組的工作進(jìn)行詳細(xì)的闡述，大家可以從該文章上詳細(xì)了解我們的工作進(jìn)展，并請(qǐng)大家批評(píng)指正，使我們的工作更進(jìn)一步。
ECAP自發(fā)展以來，受到了科技界的廣泛關(guān)注，國(guó)內(nèi)由于開展時(shí)間較國(guó)外晚了近5-10年，所以總體水平上還有一定的差距。國(guó)內(nèi)開展ECAP研究的單位，也都做出了有特色的工作，我們也希望能夠加強(qiáng)合作交流，互相學(xué)習(xí)，共同提高國(guó)內(nèi)ECAP方面的研究水平。附錄是本課題組近年來發(fā)表的文章目錄，文章全文基本上能從本組網(wǎng)頁上下載，歡迎大家交流討論。http://www.synl.ac.cn/org/mat/zzf.asp
                        papers about ECAP
Papers in 2009 Year (6)
1. Han, W. Z., Yang, H. J., An, X. H., Yang, R. Q., Li, S. X., Wu, S. D., and Zhang, Z. F., Evolution of initial grain boundaries and shear bands in Cu bicrystals during one-pass equal channel angular pressing, Acta Mater., 57 (2009) 1132-1146.
2. Qu, S., An, X. H., Yang, H. J., Huang, C. X., Yang, G., Zang, Q. S., Wang, Z. G., Wu, S. D., and Zhang, Z. F., Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of Cu-Al alloys subjected to equal channel angular pressing, Acta Mater., 57 (2009) 1586-1601.
3. Yang, G., Huang, C. X., Wang, C., Zhang, L. Y., Hu, C., Zhang, Z. F., Wu, S. D., Enhancement of mechanical properties of heat-resistant martensitic steel processed by equal channel angular pressing, Mater. Sci. Eng., A515 (2009) 199-206.
4. An, X. H., Lin, Q. Y., Qu, S., Yang, G., Wu, S. D., and Zhang, Z. F., Influence of stacking fault energy on shear strain accommodation of Cu-Al alloys subjected to one-pass equal channel angular pressing, J. Mater. Res., 2009, in press.
5. Tian, Y. Z., Han, W. Z., Yang, H. J., Zou, H. F., Wu, S. D., and Zhang, Z. F., Shear banding observations of Cu-8wt%Ag alloy during one-pass equal channel angular pressing, Scripta Mater., 2009, in press.
6. Han, W. Z., Li, S. X., Wu S. D., Zhang, Z. F., Deformation mechanism of single crystals and bicrystals subjected to equal-channel angular pressing--Review, Mater. Sci. Forum, 633-634 (2010) 511-525.
Papers in 2008 Year (13)
7. Han, W. Z., Cheng, G. M., Li, S. X., Wu, S. D., and Zhang, Z. F., Deformation induced micro-twins and stacking faults in aluminum single crystal, Phys. Rev. Lett., 101 (2008) 115505.
8. An, X. H., Han, W. Z., Huang, C. X., Zhang, P., Yang, G., Wu, S. D., and Zhang, Z. F., High strength and utilizable ductility of bulk ultrafine-grained Cu-Al alloys, Appl. Phys. Lett., 92 (2008) 201915.
9. Han, W. Z., Wu, S. D., Li, S. X., and Zhang, Z. F., Origin of deformation twinning from grain boundary in copper, Appl. Phys. Lett., 92 (2008) 221909.
10. Han, W. Z., Zhang, Z. F., Wu, S. D., Li, S. X., Combined effects of crystallographic orientation, stacking fault energy and grain size on deformation twinning in FCC crystals, Philos. Mag., 88 (2008) 3011-3029.
11. Huang, C. X., Wu, S. D., Li, S. X., and Zhang, Z. F., Strain hardening behavior of ultrafine-grained Cu by analyzing their tensile stress-strain curves, Adv. Eng. Mater., 10 (2008) 434-438.
12. Han, W. Z., Zhang, Z. F., Wu, S. D., Huang, C. X., and Li, S. X., Orientation design for enhancing deformation twinning in copper single crystal subjected to equal channel angular pressing, Adv. Eng. Mater., 10 (2008), Issue 12.
13. Han, W. Z., Zhang, Z. F., Wu, S. D., and Li, S. X., Investigation on the geometrical aspect during equal channel angular pressing by in-situ physical modeling experiments, Mater. Sci. Eng., A476 (2008) 224-229.
14. Qu, S., Huang, C. X., Gao, Y. L., Yang, G., Wu, S. D., Zang, Q. S., and Zhang, Z. F., Tensile and compressive properties of 304L stainless steel subjected to equal channel angular pressing, Mater. Sci. Eng., A475 (2008) 207-216.
15. Huang, C. X., Yang, G., Gao, Y. L., Wu, S. D., and Zhang, Z. F., Influence of processing temperature on the microstructures and tensile properties of 304L stainless steel by ECAP, Mater. Sci. Eng., A485 (2008) 643-650.
16. Wang, J. W., Duan, Q. Q., Huang, C. X., Wu, S. D., and Zhang, Z. F., Tensile and compressive behaviors of commercially pure Al subjected to equal channel angular pressing with different dies, Mater. Sci. Eng., A496 (2008) 409-416.
17. Han, W. Z., Zhang, Z. F., Wu, S. D., and Li, S. X., Response to comments on “Influence of crystallographic orientations on deformation mechanism and grain refinement of Al single crystals subjected to one-pass equal channel angular pressing”, Scripta Mater., 59 (2008) 385-386.
18. Han, W. Z., Zhang, Z. F., Wu, S. D., and Li, S. X., Reply to comments on “Influence of crystallographic orientations on deformation mechanism and grain refinement of Al single crystals subjected to one-pass equal channel angular pressing”, Scripta Mater., 59 (2008) 421-423.
19. Huang, C. X., Yang, H. J., Wu, S. D., and Zhang, Z. F., Microstructural characterizations of Cu processed by ECAP from 4 to 24 passes, Mater. Sci. Forum, 584-596 (2008) 333-337.
Papers in 2005-2007 Year (10)
20. Han, W. Z., Zhang, Z. F., Wu, S. D., and Li, S. X., Influence of crystallographic orientations on deformation mechanism and grain refinement of Al single crystals subjected to one-pass equal channel angular pressing, Acta Mater., 55 (2007) 5889-5900.
21. Huang, C. X., Wang, K., Wu, S. D., Zhang, Z. F., Li, G. Y., and Li, S. X., Deformation twinning in polycrystalline copper at room temperature and low strain rate, Acta Mater., 54 (2006) 655-665.
22. Huang, C. X., Yang, G., Gao, Y. L., Wu, S. D., Li, S. X., and Zhang, Z. F., Formation mechanism of nanostructures in an ultra-low carbon stainless steel during equal channel angular pressing, Philos. Mag., 87 (2007) 4949-4971.
23. Han, W. Z., Zhang, Z. F., Wu, S. D., and Li, S. X., The nature of shear flow lines in ECAPed metals and alloys, Philos. Mag. Lett., 87 (2007) 735-741.
24. Han, W. Z., Zhang, Z. F., Wu, S. D., Li, S. X., and Wang, Y. D., Anisotropic compressive properties of iron submitted to single equal channel angular pressing, Philos. Mag. Lett., 86 (2006) 435-441.
25. Fang, D. R., Duan, Q. Q., Zhao, N. Q., Li, J. J., Wu, S. D., and Zhang, Z. F., Tensile properties and fracture mechanism of Al-Mg alloy subjected to equal channel angular pressing, Mater. Sci. Eng., A459 (2007) 137-145.
26. Fang, D. R., Zhang, P., Duan, Q. Q., Wu, S. D., Zhang, Z. F., Zhao, N. Q., and Li, J. J., Fatigue behaviors of Al-Cu alloy subjected to equal-channel angular pressing, Adv. Eng. Mater., 9 (2007) 860-866.
27. Fang, D. R., Zhang, Z. F., Wu, S. D., Huang, C. X., Zhang, H., Zhao, N. Q., and Li, J. J., Effect of equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) on tensile properties and fracture modes of casting Al-Cu alloys, Mater. Sci. Eng., A426 (2006) 305-313.
28. Zhang, Z. F., Wu, S. D., Li, Y. J., Liu, S. M., and Wang, Z. G., Cyclic deformation and fatigue properties of Al-0.7wt%Cu alloy produced by equal channel angular pressing, Mater. Sci. Eng., A412 (2005) 279-286.
29. Fang, D. R., Duan, Q. Q., Huang, C. X., Wu, S. D., Zhang, Z. F., Li, J. J., Zhao, N. Q., Impact properties of Al-Cu alloys subjected to equal channel angular pressing, Acta Metall. Sinica, 43 (2007) 1251-1255.
Papers in 2002-2004 Year (7)
30. T. Liu, W. Zhang, S. D. Wu, C. B. Jiang, S. X. Li, and Y. B. Xu, Mechanical properties of a two-phase alloy Mg-8%Li-1%Al processed by equal channel angular pressing, Mater. Sci. Eng., A360 (2003) 345
31.    T. Liu, Y. D. Wang, S. D. Wu, R. Lin Peng, C. X. Huang, C. B. Jiang, S. X. Li, Textures and mechanical behaviors of Mg-3.3%Li alloy after ECAP, Scr. Mater., 51 (2004) 1057-1061
32. Lin L, Liu Z, Chen LJ, Liu T, Wu SD. Microstructure evolution and low temperature superplasticity of ZK40 magnesium alloy subjected to ECAP. METALS AND MATERIALS INTERNATIONAL ., 10 (2004) 501-506.
33.    Huang CX, Wu SD, Li GY, Liu T, Jiang CB, Li SX. Effect of cyclic deformation on room temperature tensile behaviors of ultrafine grained copper. Acta Metall. Sinica,40 (2004) 1165-1169.
34. Liu T, Zhang W, Wu SD, Jiang CB, Li SX, Xu YB. Equal channel angular pressing of a two-phase alloy Mg-8Li-1Al. Deformation modes during ECAP. Acta Metall. Sinica,39 (2003) 790-794.
35. Liu T, Zhang W, Wu SD, Jiang CB, Li SX, Xu YB.Equal channel angular pressing of a two-phase alloy Mg-8Li-1AlII. Room temperature tensile properties of the alloy processed by ECAP. Acta Metall. Sinica,39 (2003) 795-798.
36. Wu SD, Wang ZG, Jiang CB, Li GY, Alexandrov IV, Valiev RZ. The formation of PSB-like shear bands in cyclically deformed ultrafine grained copper processed by ECAP. Scr. Mater., 49 (2002) 1605-1609.

[ Last edited by anxianghai7681 on 2009-11-3 at 09:56 ]

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[資源] 【原創(chuàng)】金屬所在ECAP方面的研究工作進(jìn)展

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