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金蟲 (正式寫手)
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Nano Today (2009) 4, 359—373 REVIEW Synthesis and biomedical applications of hollow nanostructures Kwangjin An, Taeghwan Hyeon∗ National Creative Research Initiative Center for Oxide Nanocrystalline Materials and School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Republic of Korea Received 18 May 2009; received in revised form 25 June 2009; accepted 30 June 2009 Summary Hollow nanostructures have attracted tremendous attention from researchers in various disciplines because their high surface to volume ratio and large pore volume are highly desirable for many technological applications including drug delivery system. Several colloidal synthetic methods have been used to synthesize various hollow nanostructures. These synthetic approaches are mainly categorized into four main classes according to how the hollow structure is formed: the Kirkendall effect, chemical etching, galvanic replacement, and template-mediated approach. The large pores inside the hollow nanostructures can encapsulate and release various drugs and biomolecules, while the surface of the nanostructure can be functionalized for drug targeting or bio-labeling. These features make the hollow nanostructures a unique and promising candidate as multifunctional drug delivery vehicles. This review article covers recent progress concerning the synthesis of hollow nanostructures with their sizes smaller than 200nm and their biomedical applications including specific targeting, imaging, and controlled release of therapeutics for simultaneous diagnosis and therapy. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. |
金蟲 (正式寫手)
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Table 1 Synthetic strategies for the hollow nanomaterials. Applied methods Hollow materials Initial materials (templates) Shape Ref. Nanoscale-Kirkendall effect Co3S4, Co9S8, CoSe Co Sphere [21,33] Pt—CoO Pt—Co Yolk—shell [21] Fe3O4 Fe—Fe3O4 Sphere [34] -Fe2O3 Fe Sphere [35,44] ZnAl2O4 ZnO—Al2O3 Tube [36,37] CoSe2, Co3S4, CoTe Co Necklace [38] Ni2P, Co2P Ni, Co Sphere [39,40] CeO2—ZrO2 CeO2—ZrO2 Sphere, box [41] FePt—CoS2 FePt—Co Yolk—shell [98] FePt—Fe2O3 FePt—Fe2O3 Yolk—shell [99] Au—Fe2O3 Au—Fe2O3 Yolk—shell [42] Pt—Cu Pt—Cu Core—shell [45] Cu2−xSe Cu2O Sphere [46] CuO Cu Tube [47] Ag—Ag2Se, Ag2Se Ag Sphere, tube [48,49] PbS, Pb—PbS, Pb—Ag Pb Sphere [50] CdS Cd Sphere [43] Co3S4 Co(CO3)0.35Cl0.20(OH)1.10 Tube [51] ZnS ZnO Sphere [52] ZnO Zn Sphere [53] Chemical etching Fe Fe Box, frame [54] Fe-phosphide Fe3O4, -Fe2O3 Sphere, box [22] Mn-phosphide MnO Sphere, multi-pods [22] Mn—Fe-phosphide MnFe2O4 Sphere [22] ZnO, Au—ZnO, Pt—ZnO, Au—Pt—ZnO ZnO Sphere [57] Co Co Box, frame [55] Pd Pd Box, frame [56] Cu2O Cu2O Dodecahedral, frame [58] Galvanic replacement Au Ag Box, cage, triangular ring, prism-shaped box, tubes, multiple-walled shell or tube [3,4,62—68] Pd—Ag, Pt—Ag Ag Box, frame [69] Au, Ag, Pt, AuPt, CoPt Co Sphere [70—75] AuPt, Co Necklace [71] Au, Pt, Pd Co Necklace [76] Nanotemplate -Fe2O3, Fe3O4 -FeOOH Capsule [23] -Fe2O3 Silica Sphere [77] Silica Fe3O4 Sphere [78] -FeOOH Organics Tube [80] Co CoO Parallelepiped [81] |
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