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heyuhit木蟲(chóng) (著名寫(xiě)手)
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轉(zhuǎn)載。誰(shuí)把原文鏈接來(lái)看看？ 中國(guó)學(xué)者炮轟科研經(jīng)費(fèi)分配體制 兩位學(xué)者的文章刊登在《科學(xué)》周刊上。 兩名分別來(lái)自中國(guó)北大和清華的教授最近聯(lián)合撰文發(fā)表在最新一期的英文《科學(xué)》雜志（Science）上，對(duì)目前中國(guó)科研基金分配體制提出批評(píng)。 清華大學(xué)生命科學(xué)學(xué)院院長(zhǎng)施一公和北京大學(xué)生命科學(xué)學(xué)院院長(zhǎng)饒毅在文章中說(shuō)，中國(guó)政府投入的研究經(jīng)費(fèi)以每年超過(guò)20%的比例增加，但是科研體制和科研文化的嚴(yán)重問(wèn)題卻減緩了中國(guó)的創(chuàng)新能力。 文章指出，來(lái)自中國(guó)政府部門的的巨型項(xiàng)目，經(jīng)費(fèi)從幾千萬(wàn)到幾億元人民幣，但是申請(qǐng)過(guò)程與科學(xué)優(yōu)劣并無(wú)多大關(guān)系，更關(guān)鍵的是“與個(gè)別官員和少數(shù)強(qiáng)勢(shì)科學(xué)家搞好關(guān)系”。 文章稱這些官員和科學(xué)家主宰了經(jīng)費(fèi)申請(qǐng)指南制定的全過(guò)程，批評(píng)這種自上而下的方式壓抑了創(chuàng)新，培養(yǎng)了搞關(guān)系的科研文化。 文章還透露這種潛規(guī)則文化滲透到那些剛從海外回國(guó)學(xué)者的意識(shí)中，相當(dāng)比率的研究人員花了過(guò)多精力拉關(guān)系，卻沒(méi)有足夠時(shí)間參加學(xué)術(shù)會(huì)議和作研究或培養(yǎng)學(xué)生。 這兩名學(xué)者也意識(shí)到要改變這樣的體制所面臨的阻力，稱“現(xiàn)行體制的既得利益者拒絕真正意義的改革”，另外還有部分人害怕失去未來(lái)獲得基金的機(jī)會(huì)，因此選擇了沉默。 文章最后呼吁科學(xué)政策制定者和一線科學(xué)家清楚意識(shí)到中國(guó)目前科研文化中的問(wèn)題，不再浪費(fèi)中國(guó)的創(chuàng)新潛力。 著名的《科學(xué)》雜志由美國(guó)科學(xué)促進(jìn)會(huì)主辦。該協(xié)會(huì)建于1848年，是世界上最大的非營(yíng)利科學(xué)組織，成員由超過(guò)12萬(wàn)科學(xué)家和機(jī)構(gòu)組成。 |
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mygalaxy1977
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heyuhit
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很熟悉饒毅院長(zhǎng)，施一公就不清楚了�。�！ 
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China’s Research Culture GOVERNMENT RESEARCH FUNDS IN CHINA HAVE BEEN GROWING AT AN ANNUAL RATE OF MORE than 20%, exceeding even the expectations of China’s most enthusiastic scientists. In theory, this could allow China to make truly outstanding progress in science and research, complementing the nation’s economic success. In reality, however, rampant problems in research funding—some attributable to the system and others cultural—are slowing down China’s potential pace of innovation. Although scientific merit may still be the key to the success of smaller research grants, such as those from China’s National Natural Science Foundation, it is much less relevant for the megaproject grants from various government funding agencies, which range from tens to hundreds of millions of Chinese yuan (7 yuan equals approximately 1 U.S. dollar). For the latter, the key is the application guidelines that are issued each year to specify research areas and projects. Their ostensible purpose is to outline “national needs.” But the guidelines are often so narrowly described that they leave little doubt that the “needs” are anything but national; instead, the intended recipients are obvious. Committees appointed by bureaucrats in the funding agencies determine these annual guidelines. For obvious reasons, the chairs of the committees often listen to and usually cooperate with the bureaucrats. “Expert opinions” simply refl ect a mutual understanding between a very small group of bureaucrats and their favorite scientists. This top-down approach stifl es innovation and makes clear to everyone that the connections with bureaucrats and a few powerful scientists are paramount, dictating the entire process of guideline preparation. To obtain major grants in China, it is an open secret that doing good research is not as important as schmoozing with powerful bureaucrats and their favorite experts. This problematic funding system is frequently ridiculed by the majority of Chinese researchers. And yet it is also, paradoxically, accepted by most of them. Some believe that there is no choice but to accept these conventions. This culture even permeates the minds of those who are new returnees from abroad; they quickly adapt to the local environment and perpetuate the unhealthy culture. A signifi cant proportion of researchers in China spend too much time on building connections and not enough time attending seminars, discussing science, doing research, or training students (instead, using them as laborers in their labora tories). Most are too busy to be found in their own institutions. Some become part of the problem: They use connections to judge grant applicants and undervalue scientifi c merit. There is no need to spell out the ethical code for scientifi c research and grants management, as most of the power brokers in Chinese research were educated in industrialized countries. But overhauling the system will be no easy task. Those favored by the existing system resist meaningful reform. Some who oppose the unhealthy culture choose to be silent for fear of losing future grant opportunities. Others who want change take the attitude of “wait and see,” rather than risk a losing battle. Despite the roadblocks, those shaping science policy and those working at the bench clearly recognize the problems with China’s current research culture: It wastes resources, corrupts the spirit, and stymies innovation. The time for China to build a healthy research culture is now, riding the momentum of increasing funding and a growing strong will to break away from damaging conventions. A simple but important start would be to distribute all of the new funds based on merit, without regard to connections. Over time, this new culture could and should become the major pillar of a system that nurtures, rather than squanders, the innovative potential of China. |
7樓2010-09-07 01:04:56
buchwald
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