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Beethoven was the grandson of a musician of Flemish origin named Lodewijk van Beethoven (1712–73). Beethoven was named after his grandfather, as Lodewijk is the Dutch cognate of Ludwig. Beethoven's grandfather was employed as a bass singer at the court of the Elector of Cologne, rising to become Kapellmeister (music director). He had one son, Johann van Beethoven (1740–1792), who worked as a tenor in the same musical establishment, also giving lessons on piano and violin to supplement his income. Johann married Maria Magdalena Keverich in 1767; she was the daughter of Johann Heinrich Keverich, who had been the head chef at the court of the Archbishopric of Trier.
Beethoven was born of this marriage in Bonn. There is no authentic record of his birthday; however, the registry of his baptism, in a Roman Catholic service at the Parish of St. Regius on 17 December, 1770, survives. As children of that era were traditionally baptised the day after birth in the Catholic Rhine country, and it is known that Beethoven's family and his teacher Johann Albrechtsberger celebrated his birthday on 16 December, most scholars accept 16 December, 1770 as Beethoven's date of birth. Of the seven children born to Johann van Beethoven, only the second-born, Ludwig, and two younger brothers survived infancy. Caspar Anton Carl was born on 8 April 1774, and Nikolaus Johann, the youngest, was born on 2 October 1776.
Beethoven's first music teacher was his father. Tradition has it that Johann van Beethoven was a harsh instructor, and that the child Beethoven, "made to stand at the keyboard, was often in tears. "However, the Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians claimed that no solid documentation supported this, and asserted that "speculation and myth-making have both been productive." Beethoven had other local teachers: the court organist Gilles van den Eeden (d. 1782), Tobias Friedrich Pfeiffer (a family friend, who taught Beethoven piano), and a relative, Franz Rovantini (violin and viola). His musical talent manifested itself early. Johann, aware of Leopold Mozart's successes in this area (with son Wolfgang and daughter Nannerl), attempted to exploit his son as a child prodigy, claiming that Beethoven was six (he was seven) on the posters for Beethoven's first public performance in March 1778

[ Last edited by 204886788 on 2011-4-17 at 21:28 ]

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204886788(金幣+50, 翻譯EPI+1): 總體來(lái)說(shuō)還不錯(cuò), 謝謝! 2011-04-18 11:36:05

貝多芬是一位名為L(zhǎng)odewijk van Beethoven (1712–1773)的佛蘭芒起源音樂(lè)家的孫子。貝多芬的名字就是根據(jù)他爺爺?shù)拿謥?lái)起的，在荷蘭語(yǔ)中Lodewijk 是Ludwig 的同根詞。貝多芬的爺爺受雇為科隆Elector 樂(lè)隊(duì)的男低音歌手，后來(lái)升任為樂(lè)隊(duì)指揮。貝多芬的爺爺有一個(gè)兒子，名叫Johann van Beethoven (1740–1792), 也在同一樂(lè)隊(duì)司職男高音，他同時(shí)還教授鋼琴和小提琴以補(bǔ)充家用。Johann1767年與Maria Magdalena Keverich結(jié)婚，她是時(shí)任特里爾Archbishopric法院廚師長(zhǎng)Johann Heinrich Keverich的女兒。
貝多芬就出生自波恩的這段婚姻。關(guān)于貝多芬的出生日期，沒(méi)有權(quán)威的記錄，但是，他接受洗禮的登記信息保留了下來(lái)，上面記錄他于1770年12月17日在圣Regius教區(qū)的羅馬天主教服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)接受洗禮。在那個(gè)時(shí)代，出生在萊茵河區(qū)域天主教國(guó)家的孩子通常于出生后的第二天接受洗禮；而且眾所周知的是，貝多芬的家人和他的老師Johann Albrechtsberger 都在12月16日慶祝貝多芬的生日，多數(shù)學(xué)者因而接受1770年12月16日為貝多芬的生日。Johann van Beethoven所生的7個(gè)孩子中，只有老二Ludwig 和兩個(gè)弟弟存活了下來(lái)。 Caspar Anton Carl 生于1774年4月8日，最小的Nikolaus Johann出生于1776年10月2日。貝多芬的第一位音樂(lè)老師是他的父親。人們傳統(tǒng)上認(rèn)為約翰貝多芬是一個(gè)嚴(yán)酷的教練，貝多芬經(jīng)常被父親要求站著練習(xí)鋼琴并常常以淚洗面。不過(guò)，格羅夫音樂(lè)和音樂(lè)家詞典聲稱，沒(méi)有確實(shí)的文件資料證明這一點(diǎn)，并斷言“推測(cè)和神話都富有成效�！必惗喾疑杏衅渌镜亟處煟猴L(fēng)琴師Gilles van den Eeden，教授貝多芬鋼琴的家庭友人Tobias Friedrich Pfeiffer和教授他小提琴、中提琴的親戚Franz Rovantini。貝多芬的音樂(lè)才華很早就顯示出來(lái)。他的父親Johann有感于莫扎特在兒子Wolfgang女兒 Nannerl的成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)，試圖把貝多芬作為天才兒童開發(fā)，為此在貝多芬1778年3月第一次公開演出的海報(bào)上聲稱貝多芬時(shí)只6歲，而實(shí)際上他已7歲。

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2樓2011-04-18 09:32:47