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光也能產(chǎn)生巨大的磁效應(yīng) 有望開發(fā)出存儲太陽能的“光電池” 發(fā)布時(shí)間： 2011-04-18 | 作者：常麗君 http://www.stdaily.com 2011年04月18日 來源： 科技日報(bào) 作者： 常麗君 本報(bào)訊 據(jù)美國物理學(xué)家組織網(wǎng)近日報(bào)道，密歇根大學(xué)研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)光也能產(chǎn)生巨大的磁效應(yīng)，有望開發(fā)出存儲太陽能的“光電池”，替代傳統(tǒng)的半導(dǎo)體太陽能電池。該研究發(fā)表在最近出版的《應(yīng)用物理學(xué)》雜志上，校方正在為該方法申請專利保護(hù)。 這種制造“光電池”的方法可能推翻物理學(xué)的百年教條。光具有電性和磁性，但一直以來，科學(xué)家認(rèn)為光的磁場效應(yīng)非常弱，可以被忽略。 密歇根大學(xué)電工程與計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)、物理與應(yīng)用物理系教授斯蒂芬·蘭德和同事發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)光以適當(dāng)?shù)膹?qiáng)度通過一種絕緣材料時(shí)，光場所產(chǎn)生的磁效應(yīng)比以前預(yù)期的要強(qiáng)一億倍，在這種情況下，磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度相當(dāng)于很強(qiáng)的電效應(yīng)。該方法的原理是此前未曾研究過的“光整流”，研究人員威廉姆·菲舍說，傳統(tǒng)光整流中，光只能通過其電場效應(yīng)將一些特殊的對稱晶體材料中正負(fù)電荷分開形成電壓，而新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在適當(dāng)?shù)臈l件下，光在其他材料中能通過磁場效應(yīng)產(chǎn)生“光整流”。 蘭德解釋說：“在傳統(tǒng)太陽能電池中，光進(jìn)入材料被吸收，產(chǎn)生熱量分離電荷。在我們的方法中，光不是被吸收，而是將能量存儲在磁矩中，這將帶來一種不需要半導(dǎo)體的新型太陽能電池，熱負(fù)荷很低。強(qiáng)光也能產(chǎn)生很高的磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度，最終提供一種類似電容供電器的光容式電源�！� 新技術(shù)將使太陽能發(fā)電更廉價(jià)。研究人員預(yù)計(jì)，使用改良材料可使太陽能轉(zhuǎn)換效率達(dá)到10%，這相當(dāng)于目前商業(yè)級的太陽能電池。今年夏天他們將在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里利用激光研究，然后拓展到太陽光。 “目前制造太陽能電池需要大量的半導(dǎo)體加工工序。而我們只需一些鏡片來集聚陽光，一些纖維來傳導(dǎo)。玻璃就是很好的材料，透明陶瓷可能會更好。不需要復(fù)雜的工序�！狈粕嵴f。 �。ǔ｛惥� (科技日報(bào)) 本篇文章來源于 科技網(wǎng)|www.stdaily.com 原文鏈接：http://www.stdaily.com/kjrb/content/2011-04/18/content_295699.htm 本篇文章來源于 科技網(wǎng)|www.stdaily.com 原文鏈接：http://www.stdaily.com/kjrb/content/2011-04/18/content_295699.htm |
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找到源頭了，leongoall給的文章鏈接是對的。致敬~！ University of Michigan researchers were reported to have found a way to produce solar power without using the traditional semiconductor-based solar cells, several science news sites reported on Wednesday. According to Stephen Rand, a professor in the departments of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Physics and Applied Physics, the researchers discovered a way to make an “optical battery.” Solar Panels Image Credit: Solarnavigator.netRand and his colleagues found out that at the right intensity, what was thought to be a very weak magnetic field of light by scientists for many years, can generate magnetic effects that are 100 million times stronger than previously expected. These magnetic effects were said to have a strength equivalent to a strong electric effect. “This could lead to a new kind of solar cell without semiconductors and without absorption to produce charge separation. In solar cells, the light goes into a material, gets absorbed and creates heat. Here, we expect to have a very low heat load. Instead of the light being absorbed, energy is stored in the magnetic moment. Intense magnetization can be induced by intense light and then it is ultimately capable of providing a capacitive power source,” Rand was quoted saying. William Fisher, a doctoral student in applied physics said that this is possible due to a previously undetected brand of “optical rectification.” Optical rectification was said to be only detected in crystalline materials that have a certain symmetry. However, Rand and Fisher found that under the right circumstances and in other types of materials, the light’s magnetic field can also create optical rectification. In this new technique, instead of using semiconductor, the light will be shone through a material that does not conduct electricity, such as glass. Light must be focused to an intensity of 10 million watts per square centimeter. Although sunlight is not this intense, Fisher said that new materials are being sought that would work with lower intensities. The researchers said that this new technique could make a cheaper solar power. “To manufacture modern solar cells, you have to do extensive semiconductor processing. All we would need are lenses to focus the light and a fiber to guide it. Glass works for both. It’s already made in bulk, and it doesn’t require as much processing. Transparent ceramics might be even better,” Fisher explained. This summer, the researchers will experiment on harnessing this power with laser light, and then with sunlight. Their paper is titled “Optically-induced charge separation and terahertz emission in unbiased dielectrics.” University of Michigan was said to be pursuing patent protection for the intellectual property. |
10樓2011-04-20 09:07:13
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