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xiaowuheng金蟲 (正式寫手)
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[求助]
論文翻譯，請各位大俠幫忙
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DIAGNOSIS Only children presenting with Type I fractures can be discharged without referral, but they are more difficult to diagnose than Type I I or III. Definitive diagnosis of the type and severity of fracture is made by X-ray Gartland stipulates: 'Every child with a suspected elbow fracture should have an X-ray examination of both elbows'. But modern prartice didates that exposure to radiation is rarely justified so films of the uninjured side are unnecessary particularly if prartitioners know how to assess paediatric X-rays reliably. Thornton and Gyll warn that appearances can be misleading if true antero-posterior and lateral X-ray views are not provided, and that undisplaced fractures can be missed if radiographic positioning is inexact. However, in cases of gross elbow deformity, a lateral view alone yields enough evidence of a fully displaced fracture. If children are in such pain that moving the elbow at all is inhumane then one X-ray in the most comfortable position is enough pre-operatively. Requesting and interpreting X-rays are central to the management of supracondylar fractures. But there is no consensus about which patients should undergo X-ray and individual departments have their own protocols. The author's experience shov« that many departmental protocols do not allow ENPs to request X-rays for small children, often those who are under five years of age. Several studies have shown however that there is no significant difference in the appropriateness of requests made by ENPs compared to SHOs. Tye recommends that training in X-ray interpretation should be mandatory for nurse practitioners so that this skill is accepted as part of their role. |
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zuodg
鐵桿木蟲 (正式寫手)
有為青年
- 翻譯EPI: 180
- 應助: 5 (幼兒園)
- 貴賓: 0.015
- 金幣: 6765.2
- 散金: 48
- 紅花: 18
- 帖子: 500
- 在線: 285.5小時
- 蟲號: 1055187
- 注冊: 2010-07-10
- 性別: GG
- 專業(yè): 外國語言
【答案】應助回帖
xiaowuheng(金幣+15, 翻譯EPI+1): 2011-04-29 22:40:01
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診斷 只有I型骨折的兒童無需轉(zhuǎn)診即可出院，然而I型骨折比II型、III型骨折更難診斷。 確診骨折類型及傷害深淺需要做X射線。加特蘭規(guī)定， 疑似肘關節(jié)骨折的孩子應該對其兩個肘部都進行X射線檢查。 但是，現(xiàn)代研究表明，暴露在射線中是很沒道理的。因此，健康部分進行X射線檢查非常沒必要，尤其醫(yī)生知道如何評估X射線報告可靠性的時候。 Thornton 和 Gyll警告說，如果不提供前后X射線報告的話，表象會誤導人。 如果射線定位不準確的話，可能漏掉有些骨折。 |
2樓2011-04-29 11:23:57
xiaowuheng
金蟲 (正式寫手)
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- 蟲號: 1070382
- 注冊: 2010-08-06
- 性別: GG
- 專業(yè): 生物無機化學
3樓2011-04-29 22:39:47
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