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204886788

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The German-born American physicist Albert Einstein revolutionized the science of physics. He is best known for his theory of relativity, which holds that measurements of space and time vary according to conditions such as the state of motion of the observer.
He was a poor student, and some of his teachers thought he might be retarded (mentally handicapped); he was unable to speak fluently (with ease and grace) at age nine. Still, he was fascinated by the laws of nature, experiencing a deep feeling of wonder when puzzling over the invisible, yet real, force directing the needle of a compass. He began playing the violin at age six and would continue to play throughout his life. At age twelve he discovered geometry (the study of points, lines, and surfaces) and was taken by its clear and certain proofs. Einstein mastered calculus (a form of higher mathematics used to solve problems in physics and engineering) by age sixteen.
Einstein's formal secondary education ended at age sixteen. He disliked school, and just as he was planning to find a way to leave without hurting his chances for entering the university, his teacher expelled him because his bad attitude was affecting his classmates. Einstein tried to enter the Federal Institute of Technology (FIT) in Zurich, Switzerland, but his knowledge of subjects other than mathematics was not up to par, and he failed the entrance examination. On the advice of the principal, he first obtained his diploma at the Cantonal School in Aarau, Switzerland, and in 1896 he was automatically admitted into the FIT. There he came to realize that he was more interested in and better suited for physics than mathematics.
Einstein passed his examination to graduate from the FIT in 1900, but due to the opposition of one of his professors he was unable to go on to obtain the usual university assistantship. In 1902 he was hired as an inspector in the patent office in Bern, Switzerland. Six months later he married Mileva Maric, a former classmate in Zurich. They had two sons. It was in Bern, too, that Einstein, at twenty-six, completed the requirements for his doctoral degree and wrote the first of his revolutionary scientific papers.

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204886788(金幣+50, 翻譯EPI+1): 3Q 2011-04-29 10:42:04

德國出生的美國物理學(xué)家阿爾伯特•愛因斯坦帶動(dòng)了物理學(xué)科革命性的發(fā)展，他的相對(duì)論廣為人知，相對(duì)論認(rèn)為時(shí)間和空間是隨著觀察者運(yùn)動(dòng)狀態(tài)的變化而變化的。
他是一個(gè)貧窮的學(xué)生，一些老師認(rèn)為他可能發(fā)育遲緩（弱智）；他在9歲地時(shí)候仍不能流利地說話。但是，他被自然體現(xiàn)出來的規(guī)律深深吸引，尤其對(duì)一些不可見的事物很好奇，他為了弄清使羅盤指針運(yùn)動(dòng)的受力狀況，在6歲地時(shí)候開始學(xué)習(xí)小提琴并且延之一生。在12歲地時(shí)候他發(fā)現(xiàn)了幾何科學(xué)（對(duì)點(diǎn)、線、面的研究）并被其清晰明確地證明所吸引。愛因斯坦在16歲地時(shí)候就掌握了微積分（高等數(shù)學(xué)的一個(gè)分支，用來解決物理和工程問題）。
愛因斯坦在16歲接受正式的中等教育，他不喜歡學(xué)校，他總是想辦法在不影響其進(jìn)入大學(xué)的情況下逃課，老師由于他的惡劣態(tài)度影響了同班同學(xué)從而開除了他。愛因斯坦想進(jìn)入瑞士蘇黎世的聯(lián)邦理工學(xué)院（FIT），但他除了數(shù)學(xué)外其它學(xué)科都沒有達(dá)標(biāo)，所以他入學(xué)考試失敗了。在校長(zhǎng)的建議下，他在瑞士Aarau市立學(xué)校獲得了文憑，他在1896年獲準(zhǔn)進(jìn)入FIT，在那兒他發(fā)現(xiàn)他對(duì)物理的熱情比數(shù)學(xué)更高。
愛因斯坦在1900年順利通過考試從FIT畢業(yè)，但由于和他導(dǎo)師的意見沖突他無法獲得平常的助學(xué)金。在1902年他被聘請(qǐng)為位于瑞士伯爾尼專利局的一名監(jiān)察員。6個(gè)月后他娶了Mileva Maric，在26歲，他完成了他的博士學(xué)位并寫出了第一部具有革命性的科技論文。

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3樓2011-04-29 10:40:59