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jiachuo銅蟲 (初入文壇)
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[求助]
幫忙翻譯一段摘要
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Abstract Carbon-supported, promoted Ru-based catalysts for ammonia synthesis proved to be interesting substitutes for the traditional Fe-based ones. A debate recently arose on the active state of promoters, mainly Cs and Ba, and on the effect of the latter on Ru active sites. In the present work a set of Ba-, Cs- and K-promoted samples has been characterised by various techniques. Higher H2 and O2 uptakes have been observed during reduction and chemisorption, respectively, on Cs- and K-promoted samples supported on graphitised carbon. No evidence of this has been observed with samples supported on active carbon. This is in line with the hypothesis of alkaline promoters partial reduction under the ammonia synthesis conditions, favoured by the formation of graphite intercalation compounds. Furthermore, some suggestions are here introduced on the beneficial role of Ba, especially in increasing the support resistance to methanation. Finally, the efficacy of catalyst activation was found to depend on the nature of Ru precursor. Indeed, a prolonged activation at relatively high temperature is usually needed with chloride precursors, to remove the counterion, a poison for the catalyst, whereas less dramatic conditions are required for different precursors, such as nitrosylnitrate. Keywords: Ammonia synthesis catalyst; Intercalation compounds; Temperature programmed reduction; Alkali metals reduction |
木蟲 (正式寫手)
| 碳架提高了氨合成中釕基催化劑活性,從而證明釕基催化劑可成為傳統(tǒng)鐵基催化劑的替代品。關(guān)于促進(jìn)劑的活性狀態(tài)的爭(zhēng)議最近被提出,主要是銫和鋇,還有后者對(duì)銣的活性位點(diǎn)的影響。目前研究中一組Ba-,Cs-和K-促進(jìn)的樣品由不同技術(shù)進(jìn)行了表征。在還原和化學(xué)吸附過程中,石墨碳支撐的Cs-和K-樣品上分別可觀察到較高的氫氣和氧氣攝取量,活性碳支撐的樣品上未觀察到相同現(xiàn)象。這與假設(shè)是一致的,即氨合成條件下堿性減弱,由形成石墨層間化合物得以促進(jìn)。而且,在此提出了Ba的有益作用,尤其是在增強(qiáng)抵抗甲烷化的作用。最終催化劑的活化功效被發(fā)現(xiàn)依賴于銣前體的性質(zhì)。事實(shí)上,在相對(duì)較高溫度時(shí)通常需要長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的激活與氯化物前體來去除反離子(催化劑的中毒試劑),然而,對(duì)于不同的前體很少需要奇怪條件,比如亞硝硝酸鹽。 |
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