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liping515110銅蟲 (小有名氣)
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盡管目前把淡水纖毛蟲、水螅和海綿共生綠藻暫歸類于小球藻屬（genus Chlorella），但是我們對共生綠藻的物種多樣性和這些藻類的宿主分布仍然是知之甚少。但是，Kessler（1984）和Reisser等（1988）的初步研究表明共生小球藻的遺傳多樣性可能超乎想像，但總的來說，許多類似研究皆未能闡明來源不同的共生小球藻的種間關(guān)系（Huss等1989）。Reisser等（1988）鑒定的共生小球藻Chlorella vulgaris與Huss等（1990）鑒定分析的小球藻Chlorella vulgaris的遺傳實體是否一樣現(xiàn)在不得而知。另外產(chǎn)自英國的綠水螅Hydra sp.的共生綠藻和產(chǎn)自美國佛羅里達的綠水螅Hydra sp.的共生小球藻可能為不同種的小球藻，這也可能因為二者的宿主綠水螅根本不是同種（Muscatine et al.，1975；Douglas et al.，1984）。簡而言之，同一宿主的不同地理種群所共生的綠藻是否為同種、不同宿主的共生綠藻能否有可能為同種，這些問題的解答還有待于對共生綠藻起源和進化深層次的研究。 本研究嘗試基于中國綠水螅及GenBank中現(xiàn)有的共生藻的核18S rRNA和ITS基因片段序列和小球藻屬所在的Trebouxiophyceae綱的主要非共生的、自由生活的綠藻代表物種的同源序列構(gòu)建分子系統(tǒng)發(fā)生樹，期待初步探討不同來源的共生藻與Trebouxiophyceae綱中自由生活的綠藻之間的系統(tǒng)發(fā)生關(guān)系，從而證實共生藻是多系起源還是單系起源。目前不同來源的共生藻核18S rRNA序列稍顯豐富，所以基于共生綠藻和Trebouxiophyceae綱中自由生活的綠藻核18S rRNA序列的系統(tǒng)發(fā)生樹（圖3-2，圖3-3，圖3-4）給我們提供較為豐富的遺傳信息�；�18S rRNA基因序列重建的ML樹（圖3-2）、MP樹（圖3-3）和Bayesian樹（圖3-4）均表明，參與建樹的Trebouxiophyceae綱的61個種明顯分離為2大分支，一個分支為共生綠藻支系，其中有水螅共生綠藻、草履蟲共生綠藻、銀杏共生綠藻及苔蘚共生綠藻夾雜其中，而另一分支為無共生綠藻支系。這個結(jié)果表明從Trebouxiophyceae綱的大框架來看，不同來源的共生綠藻似乎有一共同起源；但從共生綠藻支系的小框架來看，不同來源的共生藻并沒有排他性地聚為單系群，而在系統(tǒng)樹中與其他自由生活的綠藻混雜排列，不同來源的共生綠藻似乎沒有一共同起源。 Although the endosymbiotic green algae from freshwater ciliates, hydra or sponges were all attributed to genus Chlorella at present, we still know little about the species diversity and host distribution of them. However, the preliminary studies from Kessler(1984) and Reisser(1988) indicate that the genetic diversity of symbiotic Chlorella may be unimaginable,but in general, many similar researchs all failed to clarify the interspecies relationships of symbiotic Chlorella from different sources(Huss et al, 1989).It is still unable to find out that whether the symbiotic Chlorella vulgaris inentified by Reisser (1988) and the Chlorella valgaris identified by Huss(1990) have the same genetic entity or not. In addition,the symbiotic green algae of Hydra sp.obtained from UK and the symbiotic Chlorella of Hydra sp. produced in Florida may be two different Chlorella species,which may because that the two host hydras are not the same species at all.In brief,whether the symbiotic algae from the same host of different geographic populations are the same species or not and whether the symbiotic algae from different hots may be the same species or not, to answer these questions ,we need a futher deep research in the origin and evolution of the symbiotic algae. This study attempts to construct molecular phylogenetic trees based on the nuclear 18S rRNA and ITS gene sequences of the symbiotic algae obtained from hydra sinensis and GenBank and the homologous sequences of the representative species from non-symbiotic、free-living green algae within Chlorella genus that belongs to Class Trebouxiophyceae,looking forward to give a preliminary discussion about phylogenetic relationships between the symbiotic algae from different sources and free-living algae in Class Trebouxiophyceae,thus confirming whether the origin of symbiotic algae was polyphyletic or monophyletic.Currently, 18S rRNA sequences of symbiotic algae from difference sources are abundant, so phylogenetic trees(figure3-2,figue3-3,figue3-4) based on 18S rRNA sequences of symbiotic algae ,and free-living green algae within Class Trebouxiophyceae, provides a wealth of genetic information for us. The ML(figure3-2)、MP(figure3-3) and Bayesian trees(figure3-4) based on 18S rRNA gene sequences all indicated that 61 Species of Class Trebouxiophyceae was separated into two branches, one branch was symbiotic algae group which consist of endosymbiotic algae from hydra, paramecium, ginkgo and moss and many free-living algae, and other branch was free-living algae group which consist only of free-living algae. The result suggests that，from the perspective of Class Trebouxiophyceae broad framework, the symbiotic algae from different sources seem to have a common origin; but from the perspective of symbiotic algae group small framework, Symbiotic algae from different sources does not form a monophyletic group exclusively, but mixed with other free-living algae in phylogenetic trees, they do not seem to have a common origin. 以上是我的英語翻譯 前面是中文 求高手改改 謝謝！��！ |
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phu_grassman
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愛與雨下(金幣+2): 感謝應(yīng)助 2011-08-08 14:47:46
liping515110(金幣+10, 翻譯EPI+1): 謝謝你 可能再幫我看看別的段落 加我QQ564227702聯(lián)系 謝謝了 2011-08-11 14:53:50
sltmac(金幣+30): 2011-08-14 07:52:00
愛與雨下(金幣+2): 感謝應(yīng)助 2011-08-08 14:47:46
liping515110(金幣+10, 翻譯EPI+1): 謝謝你 可能再幫我看看別的段落 加我QQ564227702聯(lián)系 謝謝了 2011-08-11 14:53:50
sltmac(金幣+30): 2011-08-14 07:52:00
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非專業(yè)人士，專業(yè)術(shù)語什么的沒加修改，希望對你有幫助你，同時也希望大家多多指正。 Although the endosymbiotic green algae from freshwater ciliates, hydra or sponges were(are) all attributed to genus Chlorella at present, we still know little about the species diversity and host distribution of them(know little about their species diversity and host distribution). However, the preliminary studies from Kessler(1984) and Reisser(1988) indicate(indicated) that the genetic diversity of symbiotic Chlorella may be unimaginable(beyond imagination 或者我認為這樣表達the symbiotic Chlorella had an unexpected genetic diversity),but in general, many similar researchs all failed to clarify the interspecies relationships of symbiotic Chlorella from different sources(Huss et al, 1989)（這個句子為什么這么復(fù)雜呢？）.It is still unable to find out thatwhether the symbiotic Chlorella vulgaris inentified by Reisser (1988) and the Chlorella valgaris identified by Huss(1990) have the same genetic entity or not（still unknown whether the genetic entity of the symbiotic Chlorella vulgaris identified by Reisser (1988) is the same as that of the Chlorella valgaris identified by Huss(1990)）. In addition,the symbiotic green algae of Hydra sp.obtained from UK and the symbiotic Chlorella（that代替the symbiotic Chlorella） of Hydra sp. produced in Florida may be two different Chlorella species（belong to two different species）,which may because that the two host hydras are not the same species at all(照中文應(yīng)該是which may also be the same species（Muscatine et al.，1975；Douglas et al.，1984）).In brief, whether the symbiotic algae from the same host of different geographic populations are the same species or not and whether the symbiotic algae from different hots may be the same species or not, to answer these questions ,we need a futher deep research in the origin and evolution of the symbiotic algae.(we still need further study on the orign and evolution of the symbiotic algae to ask the questions of whether the symbiotic algae from the same host but different geographic populations are the same species and whether the symbiotic algae from different hosts are the same species.) This study attempts(attempted) to construct molecular phylogenetic trees based on the nuclear 18S rRNA and ITS gene sequences of the symbiotic algae obtained from hydra sinensis and GenBank and the homologous sequences of the representative species from non-symbiotic、free-living green algae within Chlorella genus that belongs to Class Trebouxiophyceae,(不得不說，這個句子真的好復(fù)雜！based on the gene sequences of nuclear 18S rRNA and ITS of the existing symbiotic algae obtained from hydra sinensis in the hydra sinensis and GenBank and the main non-symbiotic homologous sequences of the Class Trebouxiophyceae within the Chlorella genus),looking forward to give a preliminary discussion（expecting a preliminary discussion） about (the) phylogenetic relationships between the symbiotic algae from different sources and the free-living algae in Class Trebouxiophyceae, thus confirming whether the origin of symbiotic algae was polyphyletic or monophyletic. Currently, 18S rRNA sequences of symbiotic algae from difference sources are abundant, so phylogenetic trees(figure3-2,figue3-3,figue3-4) based on 18S rRNA sequences of symbiotic algae ,and free-living green algae within Class Trebouxiophyceae, provides(provide) a wealth of genetic information for us. The ML(figure3-2)、MP(figure3-3) and Bayesian trees(figure3-4) based on 18S rRNA gene sequences all indicated that 61 Species of Class Trebouxiophyceae was(were) separated into two branches, one branch was (the) symbiotic algae group which consist of endosymbiotic algae from hydra, paramecium, ginkgo and moss and many free-living algae, and (the) other branch was free-living algae group which consist only(only consist) of free-living algae. The result suggests that，from the perspective of Class Trebouxiophyceae broad framework, the symbiotic algae from different sources seem to have a common origin(suggests the symbiotic algae from different sources seems to have a common origin from the perspective of the framework of the Class Trebouxiophyceae ); but from the perspective of symbiotic algae group small framework, Symbiotic algae from different sources does not form a monophyletic group exclusively, but mixed(mixes) with other free-living algae in phylogenetic trees, they do not seem to have a common origin. |
2樓2011-08-08 11:18:57
liping515110
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