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liping515110銅蟲 (小有名氣)
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[求助]
求高手幫忙 潤色一下我的英語翻譯
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上述從不同視角看不同來源共生綠藻的系統(tǒng)發(fā)生地位得到的結(jié)果好像有點自相矛盾，但如果我們能吃透問題的實質(zhì)，那么這兩個不同的結(jié)果實質(zhì)上是統(tǒng)一的。Trebouxiophyceae綱的綠藻一開始應(yīng)是全部為自由生活種類，這個類群的進化和演變肯定也遵循普遍的進化規(guī)律。但由于宿主（稱潛在宿主最為合適）攝食、綠藻在潛在宿主體表長期外共生或綠藻與潛在宿主長期共棲等諸多特殊因素，最終導(dǎo)致了綠藻與宿主間的內(nèi)共生關(guān)系。而內(nèi)共生關(guān)系建立前綠藻和潛在宿主的密切關(guān)系是非常隨機的，源于綠藻本身物種的多樣性以及潛在宿主的多樣性；而內(nèi)共生關(guān)系一旦建立，共生綠藻和宿主間又是高度專一的，某個宿主中的共生綠藻自然轉(zhuǎn)移到其他宿主的可能性為零。簡言之，好比Trebouxiophyceae綱的綠藻進化路線圖是一棵有根的大樹，綠藻-宿主共生關(guān)系是在不同的末端樹葉上發(fā)生的。也就是說，在一定意義上講追尋綠藻-宿主共生體中的共生綠藻的起源本身就是不可能有結(jié)論的悖論、或者說是毫無意義的。本文的一些結(jié)果證實了上述假說，如即使為同一類型的宿主內(nèi)共生的綠藻分類地位也大相徑庭，包括中國綠水螅在內(nèi)的5株來源不同的綠水螅中共生綠藻在基于18S rRNA基因序列重建的ML樹（圖3-2）、MP樹（圖3-3）和Bayesian樹（圖3-4）中均未聚為單系群，其中Bayesian樹中5株來源不同的綠水螅中共生綠藻就有5個不同的來源。 基于18S rRNA基因序列重建的3個系統(tǒng)發(fā)生樹從Trebouxiophyceae綱的大框架來看，為何不同來源的共生綠藻似乎有一共同起源？Trebouxiophyceae綱中共生綠藻支系和無共生綠藻支系的綠藻與潛在宿主建立內(nèi)共生前的密切關(guān)系的幾率應(yīng)該是同等的，但最終與宿主建立共生關(guān)系的綠藻為何集中在Trebouxiophyceae綱中共生綠藻支系，最好的解釋可能是共生綠藻支系的綠藻在形態(tài)或生理特性上有一定共性，而這些共性適合與宿主建立內(nèi)共生關(guān)系，這還有待于對共生綠藻及共生綠藻支系中自由生活綠藻在形態(tài)及生理特性的深入研究才能作出結(jié)論。 值得注意的是，無論是基于基于18S rRNA基因序列重建的系統(tǒng)發(fā)生樹（圖3-2，圖3-3，圖3-4）、還是基于ITS基因序列重建的系統(tǒng)發(fā)生樹（圖3-5，圖3-6，圖3-7），均顯示中國綠水螅共生綠藻與從美國明尼蘇達州埃塔斯加湖采集的一種小球藻Meyerella planktonica有較近的親緣關(guān)系，這對于目前把淡水纖毛蟲、水螅和海綿共生綠藻都歸類于小球藻屬（genus Chlorella）的做法提出了挑戰(zhàn)。中國綠水螅共生綠藻的確切定種和命名目前尚早，寄希望于對該綠藻的進一步研究。 The above-mentioned results of the phylogenetic position of symbiotic algae from different sources ,which we obtained from two different perspectives, appears to be a bit contradictory, but if we can thoroughly understand the essence of the problem, we will find that the two different results are essentially uniform.The algae of Class Trebouxiophyceae should be once free-living species , and the evolution of this group must also follow the general laws of evolution. However, so many factors such as endocytosis in potential host and long-term interactions(Ectosymbiosis and Commensalism) between green algae and potential hosts, that eventually led to a endosymbiotic relationship.Because of the species diversity and the diversity of potential host, the interactions between algae and host occured randomly before the establishment of symbiotic relationship .While, once the symbiotic relationship have been established ,the relationship will be obligate,which means that one symbiotic algae corresponding to one host can not live in another when it was transferred.In brief, if we view the evolutionary roadmap of algae within Class Trebouxiophyceae as a big rooted tree, the symbiotic relationships between algae and hosts occurs on different leaves.In other words, it is meaningless to trace origin of the symbiotic algae in algae/host symbiont.Some results confirm the above hypothesis, the taxonomic status of symbiotic algae within the same type of host are also very different，In the ML、MP and Bayesian trees based on 18S rRNA gene sequences, symbiotic algae in 5 strains of green hydra(including hydra sinensis ) from different sources, are all not monophyletic, and in the Bayesian tree , the 5 strains of green hydra from different sources have 5 different origins. In the three phylogenetic trees based on 18S rRNA gene sequences, from the perspective of Class Trebouxiophyceae broad framework, why the symbiotic algae from different sources seem to have a common origin？Before a symbiotic relationship between free-living algae and potential host was established, the probability of potential host establishing a close relationship with free-living algae from symbiotic algae group should be equal to that of potential host establishing a close relationship with free-living algae from free-living algae group. However, it is worth noting that there are symbiotic algae only in symbiotic algae group but not in free-living algae group, and the best explanation may be that green algae from symbiotic green algae group have some common morphological and physiological characteristics which are beneficial to establishing of symbiotic relationship between them with host, while green algae from free-living algae group have not，but to draw a conclusion ,we should make an in-depth study in the morphology and physiological characteristics of symbiotic algae and the free-living algae within the symbiotic green algae group. It is important to note that,whether the phylogenetic trees reconstructed on the base of 18S rRNA gene sequences or the trees based on ITS gene sequences, have all shown a close genetic relationspip between hydra sinensis and Meyerella planktonica,which were collected from lake Itasca,Minnesota,USA, and this is a challenge for placing the symbiotic algae from freshwater ciliates ,hydra and sponges in genus Chlorella.That is to say, it is too early to definite and name the species of the symbiotic algae of hydra sinesis. 求高手幫忙批改一下我的英語文章的翻譯 謝謝�。。� |
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