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imrsfb鐵桿木蟲 (著名寫手)
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[交流]
【Nature】天上掉下來的金子 已有1人參與
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人們?cè)跍\層地表已經(jīng)開采出大量黃金和其他貴金屬,而根據(jù)地球形成的相關(guān)理論,地表的貴金屬早已被帶進(jìn)地核。為解釋地表大量貴金屬的來源,有人提出了“天上掉下來的”觀點(diǎn),即它們隨隕石落到地面。英國(guó)的一項(xiàng)最新研究為這種觀點(diǎn)提供了新證據(jù)。 根據(jù)現(xiàn)有理論,在地球形成初期,融化狀態(tài)的鐵逐漸向球心位置下沉,由此形成地核。在這個(gè)過程中,絕大多數(shù)的貴金屬,如金和鉑,也都被帶入地核,地表中的貴金屬含量應(yīng)該極其稀少,遠(yuǎn)低于今天開采出的數(shù)量。 為了解釋這個(gè)現(xiàn)象,有研究人員猜測(cè),地球形成后不久,曾有一場(chǎng)大規(guī)模的隕石“轟炸”襲擊地球,并為地球帶來了大量的貴金屬,在地表形成了一個(gè)含有貴金屬的地質(zhì)薄層,這個(gè)薄層隨著地質(zhì)活動(dòng)逐漸成為貴金屬礦藏。目前,地球形成初期存在一場(chǎng)大規(guī)模隕石“轟炸”的說法已經(jīng)基本得到學(xué)術(shù)界的認(rèn)可。然而,那場(chǎng)“轟炸”真的強(qiáng)大到足以改變地表巖石的構(gòu)成嗎? 英國(guó)布里斯托爾大學(xué)等機(jī)構(gòu)的研究人員在最新一期《自然》雜志上報(bào)告說,他們對(duì)來自格陵蘭島的古老巖石進(jìn)行了分析,結(jié)果支持“天上掉金子”的觀點(diǎn)。他們采樣的巖石距今約40億年,正好處在地核形成后和隕石“轟炸”前這段時(shí)期。 研究人員分析了這些巖石中鎢同位素的特點(diǎn)。然后,研究人員又分析了隕石“轟炸”后的巖石樣本,將前后兩種巖石進(jìn)行對(duì)比。他們得出的結(jié)論是,隕石“轟炸”的確改變了地表巖石的金屬構(gòu)成。 據(jù)估計(jì),要產(chǎn)生目前地表所發(fā)現(xiàn)的貴金屬數(shù)量,那時(shí)“轟炸”地球的隕石質(zhì)量可能達(dá)到2000億億噸。(來源:新華網(wǎng) 黃堃) |
材料科學(xué)最新前沿?zé)狳c(diǎn) | 材料學(xué)前沿、發(fā)現(xiàn)、猜想 |
木蟲 (正式寫手)
補(bǔ)充個(gè)英文介紹鏈接,還有音頻,可以放在mp3里聽![]() http://www.scientificamerican.co ... hs-mineabl-11-09-08 Thar’s gold in them thar hills—and we may have meteorites to thank. Because it appears that a rain of meteors nearly 4 billion years ago peppered the Earth’s exterior with precious metals. So says a study in the journal Nature. [Matthias Willbold, Tim Elliott and Stephen Moorbath, "The tungsten isotopic composition of the Earth’s mantle before the terminal bombardment"] When Earth was forming, molten iron sank to its center, creating the planet’s core. That iron carried with it a slew of iron-loving metals, including gold and platinum. In fact, the Earth’s core is packed with enough precious metals to cover the entire planet four meters deep. But not all that glitters is down at the planet’s center. Today there’s enough gold in the Earth’s rocky shell to please prospectors—and to puzzle planetary scientists: why is that gold not down in the core, too? The answer, it seems, is that it wasn’t even on the Earth until after the core formed. Isotope concentrations in rock samples of different ages indicate that the composition of the Earth’s mantle changed after the planet was blasted with meteors 3.9 billion years ago. That bombardment coated our home with a thin veneer of riches. Which means that the gold in them thar hills is older than the hills. |

鐵桿木蟲 (著名寫手)
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