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wchm7125金蟲 (小有名氣)
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摘自《無(wú)機(jī)化學(xué)》大連理工版 粒子的運(yùn)動(dòng)方向發(fā)生偏轉(zhuǎn)，個(gè)別的粒子被反射回來(lái)，粒子的反彈回去這一事實(shí)表明了粒子與質(zhì)量很大的帶正電荷的粒子發(fā)生了強(qiáng)有力的碰撞。由此，Ruherford 提出了原子的核式結(jié)構(gòu)模型:原子中的正電荷集中在很小的區(qū)域（原子直徑約為10-19m，核的直徑約為10-15~10-14m），原子質(zhì)量主要來(lái)自于正電荷部分，即原子核。而原子中質(zhì)量很小的電子則圍繞著原子核作旋轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)，就像行星繞太陽(yáng)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)一樣。 如何解釋原子的穩(wěn)定性和氫原子光譜的實(shí)驗(yàn)事實(shí)與經(jīng)驗(yàn)公式，經(jīng)典物理學(xué)是無(wú)能為力的。因?yàn)榘凑战?jīng)典電磁理論，原子應(yīng)是不穩(wěn)定的。繞核高速旋轉(zhuǎn)的電子將自動(dòng)而連續(xù)地輻射能量，其發(fā)射的光譜應(yīng)該是連續(xù)光譜而不會(huì)是線狀光譜。 他發(fā)現(xiàn)元素的性質(zhì)隨相對(duì)原子質(zhì)量遞增發(fā)生周期性的遞變。當(dāng)時(shí)人們對(duì)于原子結(jié)構(gòu)的知識(shí)比較缺乏，尚未深刻理解原子核外電子排布與元素周期與族劃分的本質(zhì)聯(lián)系，并提出了多種形式的周期表。 依據(jù)量子力學(xué)的觀點(diǎn)，電子在核外運(yùn)動(dòng)沒(méi)有固定軌道，只是概率分布不同，因此，原子沒(méi)有明確的界面，不存在經(jīng)典意義上的半徑。人們假定原子呈球體，借助相鄰原子的核間距來(lái)確定原子半徑。基于此假定以及原子的不同存在形式，原子半徑可以分為金屬半徑、共價(jià)半徑、和van der Waals 半徑。 |
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Easony
至尊木蟲 (知名作家)
老頑童
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【答案】應(yīng)助回帖
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Excerpt from "the inorganic chemical" dalian version The movement direction of the particles happened shakes, individual particles reflected back, particle bounces back and the fact that the quality of the particles with a positively charged particles happened powerful collisions. Thus, Ruherford put forward the atomic structure model of nuclear: a positive charge of atoms in a very small area on (atomic diameter about 10-19 m, nuclear diameter is about 10-15 ~ 10-14 m), atomic mass mainly from a positive charge parts, namely atomic nuclei. And an atom of the small electronic quality is around the nucleus for the rotary motion, like a planet around the sun. How to explain the stability of the atomic and hydrogen atoms spectrum of the experiment facts and experience formula, classical physics is helpless. Because the classic electromagnetic theory, atomic should be unstable. Around the nuclear high speed rotating electronic will automatically and continuously radiation energy, the launch of the spectrum is continuous spectrum and won't be are linear spectrum. He found that the nature of the element with relative atomic mass increasing happen periodically alternation. At that time people for atomic structure of the relative lack of knowledge, have not understanding the nucleus with elements of electronic arrangement with the nature of family division cycle contact, and put forward the various forms of the periodic table. According to the quantum mechanics point of view, electronic movement outside without fixed on the nuclear track, just probability distribution is different, so, the atomic no clear interface, does not exist on the meaning of the radius of the classic. One assumes that atoms are sphere, with the aid of the adjacent atomic nuclear spacing to determine the atomic radius. Based on the assumption of the atom and different forms, can be divided into metal atom radius radius, covalent radius, and van der Waals radius. |
3樓2012-04-21 22:38:28
【答案】應(yīng)助回帖
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
wchm7125: 金幣+20, 翻譯EPI+1, ★★★★★最佳答案, 像你學(xué)習(xí) 2012-04-21 22:41:17
wchm7125: 金幣+20, 翻譯EPI+1, ★★★★★最佳答案, 像你學(xué)習(xí) 2012-04-21 22:41:17
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The direction of motion of the particles are deflected, the individual particles are reflected back, the particles bounce off the fact that the positively charged particles of the particles with great quality with a strong collision. Thus, Ruherford nuclear structure model of the atom: atoms positive charge is concentrated in a small area (atomic diameter is about 10-19m, the diameter of the core is about 10-15 ~ 10-14m), atomic mass main from the positively charged part of the nucleus. Atoms in the quality of small electronic around the nucleus rotates, running like a planet around the sun. How to interpret the experimental facts and the empirical formula of the stability of atoms and the hydrogen atom spectrum, classical physics is powerless. In accordance with the classical electromagnetic theory, the atom is unstable. Around the high-speed rotation of the nuclear electronic automatic and continuous radiation energy spectrum of the emission should be a continuous spectrum without line spectra. He found that the occurrence of periodic alternation of the nature of the elements with relative atomic mass increments. Knowledge of atomic structure was the relative lack of, not a deep understanding of the nature of the arrangement with the elements of atomic extranuclear cycle and the division of the family contact, and various forms of the periodic table. Based on the point of view of quantum mechanics, electrons in the outer nuclear movement is not a fixed orbit, only the probability distribution of different atoms there is no clear interface does not exist the radius in the classic sense. People assume that the atom was a sphere, with the spacing of adjacent atomic nuclear atomic radius. Based on the different forms of this assumption as well as atomic, atomic radius can be divided into metal radius, covalent radius and the van der Waals radius. |
2樓2012-04-21 18:16:51
wchm7125
金蟲 (小有名氣)
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4樓2012-04-22 19:51:46
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