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duanhua2004木蟲 (正式寫手)
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[求助]
【作物栽培學(xué)】摘要翻譯修改潤(rùn)色
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摘要：【目的】探討在高溫和干旱脅迫下不同水稻品種產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)形成的特點(diǎn)�！痉椒ā砍Ｒ�(guī)中熟秈稻品種黃華占（耐熱品種）和雙桂1號(hào)（熱敏感品種）與超級(jí)稻品種兩優(yōu)培九（兩系雜交秈稻）和揚(yáng)粳4038（粳稻）種植于盆缽，于抽穗和灌漿早期（始穗后0~10 d）設(shè)置高溫（日最高溫度為37.5℃）、干旱（土壤水勢(shì)保持在30±10 kPa）、高溫+干旱3種處理，以同期自然溫度且正常供水為對(duì)照�！窘Y(jié)果】與對(duì)照相比，高溫、干旱和高溫+干旱3種處理均顯著降低了各品種的花粉可育率、受精率、結(jié)實(shí)率和產(chǎn)量；降低了精米率和整精米率和崩解值，增加了堊白米率、堊白度和消減值。高溫及高溫+干旱處理對(duì)產(chǎn)量和稻米品質(zhì)的影響，熱敏感品種大于耐熱品種，超級(jí)稻品種大于常規(guī)品種。干旱對(duì)產(chǎn)量和稻米品質(zhì)的影響，熱敏感品種大于耐熱品種，常規(guī)品種大于超級(jí)稻品種。高溫、干旱或高溫+干旱脅迫對(duì)產(chǎn)量和稻米品質(zhì)的影響與其對(duì)根系氧化力、葉片光合速率和抗氧化保護(hù)酶活性的影響的結(jié)果趨勢(shì)一致�！窘Y(jié)論】抽穗與灌漿早期高溫或干旱脅迫對(duì)水稻產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)的影響在品種間存在很大差異，常規(guī)稻品種的耐熱性強(qiáng)于超級(jí)稻品種，超級(jí)稻品種的耐旱性則強(qiáng)于常規(guī)稻品種。在高溫或干旱脅迫下根系氧化力、葉片光合速率和抗氧化保護(hù)酶活性高是不同類型水稻品種保持較高產(chǎn)量的重要生理原因。 Abstract：【Objective】Heading/flowering and grain filling are the most stress-sensitive periods in rice growth and development. However, little is known that how high temperature and water stress during these periods affect rice yield and grain quality. This study investigated pollen development, yield components, grain quality and some physiological parameters under high temperature and water stress during heading and early grain filling.【Method】Two conventional indica rice cultivars, Shuanggui 1 (heat-sensitive) and Huanghuazhan (heat-tolerant), and two super rice cultivars, Liangyoupeijiu (indica-inclined two-line hybrid) and Yangjing 4038 (japonica), were pot-grown and subjected to high temperature treatments (HT, maximum temperature during the day at 37.5℃), soil drying treatments (SD, soil water potential at -30±10 kPa) and high temperature plus soil drying treatments(HT+SD), and the natural temperature plus well-watered condition was taken as the control(CK).【Result】The results showed that high temperature, soil drying or high temperature plus soil drying treatments significantly reduced pollen fertility rate, fertilization rate, seed-setting rate, grain yield, milled rice, head rice and break down viscosity, increased chalky grains, chalkiness degree and setback viscosity in each cultivars. The effect was more obvious on heat-sensitive cultivars than on heat-tolerant cultivars, and more evident on super rice cultivars than on conventional rice cultivars under either high temperature or high temperature plus soil drying treatments, and the result was reversed under soil drying treatments, and the extent of the decrease or increase was larger for heat-sensitive cultivars than for heat-tolerant cultivars.【Conclusion】These results suggested that high temperature or soil drying treatments during heading and early grain filling reduced yield and grain quality, the declines of which are different for different rice cultivars. Stronger root activity, net photosynthetic rate of the flag leaf and antioxidative defense system would be more important for a heat-tolerant rice cultivar to obtain a higher grain yield better than for heat-sensitive or super rice cultivars under adverse environmental stresses. |
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duanhua2004
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2樓2012-05-10 10:08:17
duanhua2004
木蟲 (正式寫手)
- 應(yīng)助: 11 (小學(xué)生)
- 金幣: 2914.2
- 散金: 523
- 紅花: 4
- 帖子: 877
- 在線: 479.8小時(shí)
- 蟲號(hào): 1585068
- 注冊(cè): 2012-01-22
- 性別: GG
- 專業(yè): 作物栽培與耕作學(xué)
3樓2012-05-10 16:11:46
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