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一篇轉(zhuǎn)基因作物安全性文章的簡單翻譯---科學(xué)實(shí)例
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所有用到的實(shí)驗(yàn)證據(jù)均來自此文章中的表格—— 《A literature review on the safety assessment of genetically modified plants》 José L. Domingo ⁎, Jordi Giné Bordonaba Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain 為了方便各位偷懶的而且有感興趣同學(xué)查看，我簡單的把他們翻譯成中文，本人英語水平一般翻譯難免錯(cuò)誤敬請?jiān)彙?br /> 首先聲明本人是做轉(zhuǎn)基因的，對轉(zhuǎn)基因無歧視，也無什么特別的觀點(diǎn)，既不鼓吹，也不貶抑，所有翻譯問題，可以討論結(jié)果真實(shí)性敬請查詢原始文獻(xiàn)自己分析，本人難以回答那些實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)的問題，因?yàn)樵撐墨I(xiàn)所涉及的原始文獻(xiàn)我也沒看，無法給予大家完全的解答；另外所有注名的公司名稱出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤也請?jiān)彛恼轮胁⑽戳谐龉久Q，大部分公司名差通過百度查出，錯(cuò)誤在所難免；基因名稱注明例如草甘膦抗性基因和氯磺隆抗性基因這種注解在專業(yè)角度上來說是不恰當(dāng)?shù)�，但為了省事我使用此種注明方法；植株中應(yīng)該還有篩選標(biāo)記基因的存在，但未深入去查明，也敬請?jiān)�；不同�?shí)驗(yàn)所用的小鼠的類型并不相同，小鼠種類原文章中可以找到我這里為了省事也省去了；所以本文只供非專業(yè)人士交流討論使用，專業(yè)引用請去原始文獻(xiàn)中尋找；正因?yàn)榇宋闹谐霈F(xiàn)如此多的問題，所以只在休閑灌水中發(fā)表。感興趣的可以看看，拍磚的也請手下留情。文章所采用的例子主要是2006-2009的科技文獻(xiàn)。 采用順序：參考文獻(xiàn)---品種號--外源基因名稱---實(shí)驗(yàn)方法---負(fù)面影響---其他 一、玉米的研究 1、Séralini et al. (2007) ---孟山都公司MON 863---(Bt) Cry3Bb1蛋白編碼基因（抗玉米根葉甲）----小鼠飼喂實(shí)驗(yàn)（90天） 主要的負(fù)面影響：Slight but dose-related weight variations in both males (3.3% reduction) and females (3.7% increase). Signs of hepatorenal toxicity, increased triglycerides in females (24–40%) and urine phosphorus and sodium excretions diminished in males (31–35%) 簡單概括為：雌性和雄性小鼠體重都受到影響、肝腎出現(xiàn)毒性信號、雌性中甘油三酯含量增加、雄性中尿中磷和鈉下降。 其他：由孟山都公司介導(dǎo)的專門的調(diào)查組和Séralini對該結(jié)果進(jìn)行調(diào)查，得出結(jié)論是沒有實(shí)際證據(jù)可以證明小鼠的癥狀與MON 863有關(guān)。-----The Expert Panel concluded that the reanalysis conducted by Séralini et al. (2007) provided no evidence to indicate that MON 863 was associated with adverse effects in the 90-day rat study。In each case, statistical findings reported by bothMonsanto and Séralini et al. (2007)were considered to be unrelated to treatment or of no biological or clinical importance because they failed to demonstrate a dose–response relationship, reproducibility over time, association with other relevant changes (e.g., histopathology), occurrence in both sexes, difference outside the normal range of variation, or biological plausibility with respect to cause-and-effect.（孟山都與該課題組的結(jié)果仍存在爭議） 2、Doull et al. (2007)--孟山都公司MON 863---(Bt) Cry3Bb1蛋白編碼基因（抗玉米根葉甲）----小鼠飼喂實(shí)驗(yàn)（90天） 結(jié)論：未發(fā)現(xiàn)負(fù)面影響。--No evidence of adverse effects。 3、de Vendômois et al. (2009)--孟山都NK603(包含除草劑草甘膦抗性基因)、MON 810（Cry1Ab蛋白編碼基因）、 MON 863（Cry3Bb1蛋白編碼基因）---小鼠飼喂實(shí)驗(yàn)（14周） 結(jié)論：對食用三種轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米的小鼠研究發(fā)現(xiàn)存在性別和劑量依賴的副作用，主要與肝腎毒性有關(guān)，也在心臟、脾臟、腎上腺、造血系統(tǒng)中發(fā)現(xiàn)存在負(fù)面影響。Sex- and dose-dependent side effects linked with consumption of 3 GMOs and mostly associated with hepatorenal toxicity. Other adverse effects were also detected in heart, spleen, adrenal glands and hemopoietic system。 4、MacKenzie et al. (2007)--美科根-塞德斯公司（杜邦先鋒+陶氏）1507---表達(dá)cry1F基因選和擇性標(biāo)記的抗除草劑基因pat--小鼠飼喂實(shí)驗(yàn)（90天） 結(jié)論：一句話--未發(fā)現(xiàn)負(fù)面影響No significant differences were observed in nutritional performance variables, clinical and neurobehavioral signs, ophthalmology and clinical pathology, organ weights and gross and microscopic pathology between treatment groups 5、Malley et al. (2007)--（杜邦）先鋒公司轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米59122--cry34Ab1 與cry35Ab1(delta-endotoxin)基因和抗除草劑基因p a t (磷酸乙酰轉(zhuǎn)移酶)基因--小鼠飼喂實(shí)驗(yàn)（90天） 結(jié)論：未發(fā)現(xiàn)負(fù)面影響；No adverse diet-related differences in body weight, food consumption, clinical signs of toxicity, mortality, ophthalmology, neurobehavioral assessments, clinical pathology and pathology 6、Appenzeller et al. (2009a)--Maize 1507×59122（雜交）--小鼠飼喂實(shí)驗(yàn)（92天） 結(jié)論：未發(fā)現(xiàn)負(fù)面影響No significant differences were observed in nutritional performance variables, clinical and neurobehavioral signs, ophtalmology and clinical pathology, organ weights and gross and microscopic pathology between treatment groups 7、Appenzeller et al. (2009b)--先鋒公司DP-9814-6--expresses the GAT4621(glyphosate acetyltransferase)基因 和 ZM-HRA(modified version of a maize acetolactate synthase）基因 --小鼠飼喂實(shí)驗(yàn)（13周） 結(jié)論：未發(fā)現(xiàn)負(fù)面影響：No adverse effects were observed in nutritional performance variables 8、Juberg et al. (2009)--Maize 59122b--小鼠飼喂實(shí)驗(yàn)（28天） 結(jié)論：未發(fā)現(xiàn)負(fù)面影響：No signs of acute toxicity or adverse effects due to diets containing high concentrations of Cry34Ab1 or Cry35Ab1 proteins, individually or concomitantly, were found at concentrations nearly 1000-fold greater than those found in 59122 maize grains and OECD 408-compliant toxicological response variables 9、McNaughton et al. (2007)--Maize DP-9814-6--肉雞飼喂實(shí)驗(yàn)（42天） 結(jié)論：未發(fā)現(xiàn)負(fù)面影響；No significant differences in mortality, growth performance variables or carcass and organ yields. Adverse-toxic effects of the transgenic maize were not assessed. 10、He et al. (2008)--先鋒公司DAS-59122-7--Cry34Ab1 基因和 Cry35Ab1 基因--小鼠飼喂實(shí)驗(yàn)（90天） 結(jié)論：發(fā)現(xiàn)某些血液和血清反應(yīng)的不同，卻被歸因于飼喂轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米的小鼠的食物中包含過多的玉米面，最終是未發(fā)現(xiàn)負(fù)面影響Significant differences in certain hematology and serum chemistry response variables, but attributed to diets containing high maize flour (compared to control diets). It was concluded that 59122 maize grains were as safe as non-transgenic maize diets。 11、He et al. (2009)-- （國產(chǎn)-農(nóng)大）Y642 (lysine-rich)—懶的去找目的基因了-—小鼠飼喂實(shí)驗(yàn)（90天） 結(jié)論：中國人查中國人結(jié)果自然不用說：未發(fā)現(xiàn)負(fù)面影響No adverse diet-related adverse effects in body weight, feed consumption, clinical chemistry, hematology, and absolute and relative organ weights未發(fā)現(xiàn)負(fù)面影響就罷了，人家賴氨酸提高了，你連個(gè)正面影響都沒有，這不能不說有問題。 12、Healy et al. (2008)—孟山都公司MON 88017--Cry3Bb1蛋白基因+草甘膦抗性基因--小鼠飼喂實(shí)驗(yàn)（13周） 結(jié)論：未發(fā)現(xiàn)負(fù)面影響 No adverse health effects were noticed. 13、Herouet-Guicheney et al. (2009)--- Maize (2mEPSPS)—草甘膦抗性基因—小鼠飼喂實(shí)驗(yàn) 結(jié)論：未發(fā)現(xiàn)負(fù)面影響The safety evaluation concluded that the protein was innocuous and hence could be included in human food or animal feed. 14、Tutel'ian et al. (2008,2009) --先正達(dá)MIR604（cry3A）+孟山都MON 88107（Cry3Bb1蛋白基因+草甘膦抗性基因） 結(jié)論：未發(fā)現(xiàn)負(fù)面影響Analysis of morphological, hematological and biochemical parameters and system sensitive biomarker did not reveal any toxic effect. 15、Tutel'ian et al. (2008,2009) --先正達(dá)MIR604（cry3A）+孟山都MON 88107（Cry3Bb1蛋白基因+草甘膦抗性基因） 結(jié)論：未發(fā)現(xiàn)負(fù)面影響Analysis of DNA damage and structural chromosome aberrations, assessment of allergenic potential and immunoreactive properties did not show any genotoxic, allergenic and immunoreactive effects. 二、水稻的研究： 1、Schrøder et al. (2007)—浙江大學(xué)KMD1-- cryAb基因----小鼠飼喂實(shí)驗(yàn)（90天） 結(jié)論：未發(fā)現(xiàn)負(fù)面影響，雖然在行為和體重上并未發(fā)現(xiàn)不同，但在血液參數(shù)和生化參數(shù)上有少許不同，但仍在正常范圍之內(nèi)。在器官重量、宏觀和組織病理學(xué)檢查中也發(fā)現(xiàn)較小的差別。No adverse effects on animal behavior or weight gain. Few hematological and biochemical parameters were significantly different between treatment diets. However, all were within the normal reference intervals for rats of this breed and age. Minor changes were observed in organs weight and macroscopic and histopathological examinations. 2、Poulsen et al. (2007a,b)-- Rice expressing GNA lectin—表達(dá)雪花蓮植物凝集素基因--小鼠飼喂實(shí)驗(yàn)（90天） 結(jié)論：未發(fā)現(xiàn)負(fù)面影響，但是許多臨床的、生物學(xué)的、免疫學(xué)的、微生物學(xué)的、病理學(xué)參數(shù)的顯著不同（與對照小鼠相比），作者聲明該研究并不能作為產(chǎn)品安全性的的依據(jù)。No adverse effects were observed. However, a range of clinical, biological, I mmunological, microbiological and pathological parameters were significantly different between diet groups. The authors remarked that the design of their study was not able to conclude on the safety of the product. 3、Kroghsbo et al. (2008)-- Rice expressing Cry1Ab protein （Cry1Ab基因）or PHA-E lectin（菜豆凝集素E基因）--小鼠飼喂實(shí)驗(yàn)（28天和90天） 結(jié)論：飼喂表達(dá)PHA-E lectin的轉(zhuǎn)基因水稻或者直接飼喂含0.1%的純化的PHA-E凝集素90天，出現(xiàn)劑量依賴性腸系膜淋巴結(jié)重量和總免疫球蛋白A增加。而在表達(dá)Cry1Ab基因的水稻則沒有出現(xiàn)任何異常。A dose-dependent increase in mesenteric lymph node weight and total immunoglobulin A was seen when feeding PHA-E transgenic rice alone or spiked with 0.1% purified PHA-E lectin for 90 days. No adverse effects of Cry1Ab protein were found. 4、Domon et al. (2009)-- Rice containing 7Crp—轉(zhuǎn)有七個(gè)編碼人類T細(xì)胞表面抗原的基因—獼猴飼喂26周 結(jié)論：未發(fā)現(xiàn)負(fù)面影響No adverse effects on general behavior or body weight, hematological and biochemical variables. No pathological symptoms or histopathological abnormalities. 大豆 1、Appenzeller et al. (2008)—先鋒公司大豆DP-356Ø43-5—轉(zhuǎn)入了草甘膦抗性基因和氯磺隆抗性基因--小鼠飼喂實(shí)驗(yàn)（>93天） 結(jié)論：未發(fā)現(xiàn)負(fù)面影響No adverse effects on body weight/gain, food consumption, clinical signs, mortality, ophthalmology, neurobehavioral assessment, clinical pathology, organ weights and gross and microscopic pathology 2、McNaughton et al. (2008)—先鋒公司轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆 DP-356Ø43-5—飼喂雞42天 結(jié)論：未發(fā)現(xiàn)負(fù)面影響No adverse effects were found. It was concluded that GM 356Ø43 was nutritionally equivalent to non-GM soybean with comparable genetic background 3、先鋒公司工程師Delaney et al. (2008)—先鋒公司DP-3Ø5423-1-- gm-fad2-1 gene fragment（氯磺隆抗性基因） and the gm-hra gene（氯磺隆抗性基因）--小鼠飼喂實(shí)驗(yàn) 結(jié)論：未發(fā)現(xiàn)負(fù)面影響No adverse effects on body weight/gain, food consumption, and mortality, clinical signs of toxicity or ophthalmological observations, neurobehavioral assessments, organ weights or clinical and anatomic pathology 4、Mathesius et al. (2009)—HRA 大豆—轉(zhuǎn)氯磺隆抗性基因—小鼠飼喂28天 結(jié)論：未發(fā)現(xiàn)負(fù)面影響。No adverse effects 5、Malatesta et al. (2008a)-- Soybean expressing CP4 EPSPS gene—表達(dá)epsps基因的大豆（草甘膦抗性基因）--小鼠飼喂實(shí)驗(yàn) 結(jié)論：飼喂轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆的小鼠某些與肝代謝功能、脅迫應(yīng)答、Ca2+信號、線粒體有關(guān)的蛋白質(zhì)表達(dá)改變。飼喂轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆的小鼠表現(xiàn)出線粒體和細(xì)胞核的修飾（？）說明了代謝速率的下降。Several proteins belonging to hepatocyte metabolism, stress response, calcium signaling and mitochondria were differentially expressed in GM-fed mice indicating a more marked expression of senescence markers in comparison to controls. GM-fed mice showed mitochondrial and nuclear modifications indicative of reduced metabolic rate（請注意下一條） 6、Cisterna et al. (2008)-- Soybean expressing CP4 EPSPS gene—表達(dá)epsps基因的大豆（草甘膦抗性基因）--雌性小鼠飼喂實(shí)驗(yàn)（整個(gè)生命期，>24個(gè)月） 結(jié)論：胚胎形態(tài)學(xué)上并為出現(xiàn)不同。顯微及亞顯微細(xì)胞的改變歸結(jié)于小鼠對轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆的攝取。No morphological differences in embryos of GM and non-Gm soybean-exposed groups. Microscopic and ultramicroscopic cellular changes attributed to GM soybean intake 7、Malatesta et al. (2002a,b)--- SUPRO 500E轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆----？轉(zhuǎn)的什么基因？—小鼠飼喂30天 結(jié)論：對其營養(yǎng)性能并無影響，從早期迅速的的PAP mRNA 增加和胰腺細(xì)胞改變推斷出胰腺功能變化。No adverse effects in nutritional performance. Altered pancreas function evidenced by the early acute PAP mRNA increased levels and pancreas cellular changes 8、Sakamoto et al. (2007)—草甘膦耐性轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆---小鼠飼喂實(shí)驗(yàn)（52周） 結(jié)論：未發(fā)現(xiàn)負(fù)面影響No adverse effect in gross necropsy findings, hematological and serum biochemical parameters, organ weights and pathological findings 9、Sakamoto et al. (2008)-- 草甘膦耐性轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆---小鼠飼喂實(shí)驗(yàn)（104周） 結(jié)論：未發(fā)現(xiàn)負(fù)面影響No adverse effect in gross necropsy findings, hematological and serum biochemical parameters, organ weights and pathological findings |
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[考研] 295材料工程專碩求調(diào)劑 +7 | 1428151015 2026-03-27 | 7/350 |
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[考研] 394求調(diào)劑 +3 | 好事多磨靜候佳?/a> 2026-03-26 | 5/250 |
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[考研] 0703化學(xué)求調(diào)劑 +9 | 奶油草莓. 2026-03-22 | 10/500 |
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[考研] 0856，材料與化工321分求調(diào)劑 +12 | 大饞小子 2026-03-27 | 13/650 |
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[考研] 340求調(diào)劑 +5 | jhx777 2026-03-27 | 5/250 |
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[考研] 材料292調(diào)劑 +12 | 橘頌思美人 2026-03-23 | 12/600 |
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[考研] 085600，材料與化工321分調(diào)劑 +4 | 大饞小子 2026-03-27 | 6/300 |
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[考研] 調(diào)劑求收留 +7 | 果然有我 2026-03-26 | 7/350 |
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[考研] 一志愿 南京郵電大學(xué) 288分 材料考研 求調(diào)劑 +3 | jl0720 2026-03-26 | 3/150 |
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[考研] 0854電子信息求調(diào)劑 324 +4 | Promise-jyl 2026-03-23 | 4/200 |
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[考研] 300分，材料，求調(diào)劑，英一數(shù)二 +5 | 超贊的 2026-03-24 | 5/250 |
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[考研] 求調(diào)劑 +6 | 研研，接電話 2026-03-24 | 7/350 |
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[考研]
 085404電子信息284分求調(diào)劑
+4
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13659058978 2026-03-24 | 4/200 |
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[考研] 335求調(diào)劑 +4 | yuyu宇 2026-03-23 | 5/250 |
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