每周一聽——那些年我們一起練過的聽力（第23期）

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Pressure for financial reform is building in Europe. This week the financial services company Moody’s Investors Service reduced Spain’s    (1)    rating. The rating was cut from A3 to baa3. That means that Moody’s judges the credit risk of Spanish debt has moved from very low to    (2)    .

The company said it acted because Spain is borrowing about one hundred twenty-five billion dollars in    (3)    loans for its banks.

Debt markets punished Spain by pushing up the interest rate on its long-term debt to about six point eight percent. That    (4)    Spain’s borrowing costs and hurts its already troubled economy.  Spain was not the only country to get    (5)    by Moody’s.  Cyprus got the same treatment.

On Wednesday, American Treasury Secretary Tim Geithner spoke at the Council on Foreign Relations in Washington. He said the increase in borrowing costs for European countries like Spain means European officials must move quickly to avoid growing costs.  

TIM GEITHNER: “If you wait to move in these things and you let the market get ahead of you, then you increase the costs of the solution and you make it harder to get there--you get    (6)    —it’s very costly.  Once you decide, there’s no argument for doing it slowly.”  

Germany, Europe’s largest economy, has been pushing for economic reform in the seventeen countries using the euro. But German Chancellor Angela Merkel has argued that her country is unwilling to put money at risk unless banking reform is enacted    (7)    . She warned this week that Germany’s economic power was not unlimited.

Earlier this month, the European Commission proposed steps toward a common banking policy. The proposals include    (8)    to intervene when their banks are in trouble. But proposed changes may also bar support for failing banks.  

Some European leaders are pressing for an expanded European    (9)    . Germany has resisted providing new financial resources. But details of any deal with big European economies have yet to be decided.

             (10)               .  Secretary Geithner is looking forward to the conference.

TIMOTHY GEITHNER: “you know, the world is waiting for them, they have a -- they have a big incentive to add as much clarity to those plans as early as they can.”


上期活動答案：
1.        Span
2.        Existence
3.        District
4.        Extraordinary
5.        Complete
6.        Two large cables
7.        two hundred twenty seven meters（227m）
8.        vertical suspender ropes
9.        steel harp
10.        Architect Irving Morrow gets credit for the bridge’s bright orange color.