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shengxiang木蟲 (著名寫手)
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中國(guó)學(xué)者報(bào)道轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米毒性90天試驗(yàn)結(jié)果(轉(zhuǎn)) 已有1人參與
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在《食品與化學(xué)毒理學(xué)》(Food and Chemical Toxicology)在線發(fā)表的最新論文中,有兩篇是關(guān)于耐草甘膦(商品名農(nóng)達(dá))轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米飼喂大鼠毒性試驗(yàn),其中一篇是法國(guó)學(xué)者經(jīng)兩年飼喂得出有毒結(jié)論(http://www.sciencedirect.com/sci ... i/S0278691512005637),另一篇是中國(guó)學(xué)者經(jīng)3個(gè)月飼喂得出無毒結(jié)論(http://www.sciencedirect.com/sci ... 78691512006813?v=s5)。目前論文狀態(tài)均為“已校正并印刷中”。 中國(guó)學(xué)者發(fā)表的研究論文題目是“用草甘膦耐性玉米對(duì)SD大鼠飼喂90天的研究”,署名作者共有5位,分別來自中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)和農(nóng)業(yè)部轉(zhuǎn)基因生物食用安全監(jiān)督檢驗(yàn)測(cè)試中心。以下是論文題目、作者及署名單位、梗概、摘要和圖表情況,暫時(shí)無法取得該論文的全文。 A 90-day feeding study of glyphosate-tolerant maize with the G2-aroA gene in Sprague–Dawley rats Yaxi Zhua, 1, Xiaoyun Hea, b, 1, Yunbo Luoa, b, 1, Shiying Zoub, Zhou Xinb, Kunlun Huanga, b, , , Wentao Xua, b, , a College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China b Supervision and Testing Center for GMOs Food Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China Highlights ► A glyphosate-tolerant maize with the G2-aroA gene was developed by China. 一種含有G2-aroA基因的耐草甘膦玉米已由中國(guó)培育出來。► The food safety of GM maize identified sub-chronic toxicity in SD rats was assessed.基因修飾玉米的食品安全性在SD大鼠中進(jìn)行了評(píng)價(jià)。 ► No observed adverse effects were found after the 90-day feeding study.經(jīng)過90天飼喂研究后發(fā)現(xiàn)無可見不良效果。 ► G2-aroA maize was found to be as safe and nutritious as conventional maize.G2-aroA玉米像常規(guī)玉米一樣安全并富有營(yíng)養(yǎng)。 Abstract Maize is not only a staple food crop but also an important raw material for feed and industry; however, the threat of weeds leads to a serious decline in its output and quality. The G2-aroA gene confers glyphosate herbicide tolerance to crops. In this study, the food safety of genetically modified (GM), glyphosate-tolerant maize with the G2-aroA gene was evaluated in a 90-day feeding study in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Maize grain from GM or non-GM isogenic control lines were separately formulated into rodent diets at concentrations of 12.5% (low level), 25% (middle level), and 50% (high level). An additional group of rats were fed a commercialized diet as a control. The toxicological response variables, including body weights, food consumption, serum biochemistry, hematology, and absolute and relative organ weights, were compared between rats fed GM maize and those fed non-GM maize after consumption of test diets for 90 days. In addition, gross and microscopic pathology were conducted among treatment groups. No adverse effects related to the consumption of GM maize were detected in the subchronic feeding study. These results indicated that the GM glyphosate-tolerant maize was as safe and nutritious as conventional maize. 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】 中國(guó)學(xué)者的試驗(yàn)有幾點(diǎn)是與法國(guó)學(xué)者的試驗(yàn)相同的:一是都評(píng)價(jià)了轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米對(duì)大鼠的毒性;二是所用的轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米都是耐除草劑草甘膦(農(nóng)達(dá))的;三是都使用SD大鼠;四是都分成雄性組與雌性組。 但是,兩者也有明顯差異,首先是法國(guó)學(xué)者的試驗(yàn)為期2年,而中國(guó)學(xué)者的試驗(yàn)為期3個(gè)月;其次是法國(guó)學(xué)者選用孟山都公司育成的轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米品系NK603,而中國(guó)學(xué)者選用國(guó)內(nèi)培育的含G2-aroA基因的轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米品系。另外,法國(guó)學(xué)者同時(shí)評(píng)價(jià)了除草劑的毒性,而中國(guó)學(xué)者未做此試驗(yàn)。 當(dāng)然,法國(guó)學(xué)者與中國(guó)學(xué)者得出的結(jié)論迥然不同!如何看待這兩個(gè)毒性試驗(yàn)及其結(jié)果呢?我們先從實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)的合理性說起。 90天短期試驗(yàn)可以排除正常衰老致瘤及致死因素,而2年長(zhǎng)期試驗(yàn)無法區(qū)分轉(zhuǎn)基因、除草劑、衰老的影響。假如要評(píng)價(jià)農(nóng)達(dá)及耐農(nóng)達(dá)轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米的長(zhǎng)期毒性,那么應(yīng)當(dāng)考慮在靈長(zhǎng)類動(dòng)物(如恒河猴、黑猩猩)中進(jìn)行,因?yàn)樗鼈兏咏祟惖膲勖,而且進(jìn)入老齡的時(shí)間也類似。 2年試驗(yàn)僅設(shè)計(jì)1個(gè)非轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米對(duì)照及3個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米處理(11%、22%、33%分量),而90天試驗(yàn)設(shè)置了1個(gè)參考對(duì)照(Reference control)、3個(gè)非轉(zhuǎn)基因(Non-GM)處理(12.5%、25%、50%)、3個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)基因(GM)處理(12.5%、25%、50%)。因此,后一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)比前一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)的數(shù)據(jù)更豐富,也更有可重復(fù)性。 既然2年試驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)了致瘤及致死效果,就應(yīng)該詳細(xì)分析基因突變及表達(dá)調(diào)控(上調(diào)或下調(diào))情況,同時(shí)應(yīng)該排除自然衰老產(chǎn)生的病變現(xiàn)象。由于90天試驗(yàn)未發(fā)現(xiàn)任何異常,不做致瘤或抑瘤基因檢測(cè)也合理,但仍建議做基因毒性評(píng)價(jià)。 由以上分析可知,法國(guó)學(xué)者的實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)方案不合理,實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果有待進(jìn)一步重復(fù)驗(yàn)證。同時(shí),中國(guó)學(xué)者的實(shí)驗(yàn)僅僅是一個(gè)急性毒性試驗(yàn),還沒有涉及慢性毒性評(píng)價(jià)。因此,我建議法國(guó)及中國(guó)學(xué)者考慮在靈長(zhǎng)類實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物中開展耐除草劑轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米長(zhǎng)期毒性評(píng)價(jià)試驗(yàn),尤其是基因毒性(致突變)、生殖毒性(致不育)等。 最后我要強(qiáng)調(diào),我是主張做轉(zhuǎn)基因食品的長(zhǎng)期(慢性)毒性評(píng)價(jià)試驗(yàn)的,尤其是在發(fā)現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重問題后,但我建議改用壽命長(zhǎng)的靈長(zhǎng)類動(dòng)物做,而用壽命只有2-3年的嚙齒類動(dòng)物做長(zhǎng)毒試驗(yàn)是不合適的!必須指出,即使是用強(qiáng)效基因誘變劑在大鼠上進(jìn)行腫瘤造模,出現(xiàn)可觸摸性腫瘤的時(shí)間最少也要6個(gè)月以上,而且必須出現(xiàn)多個(gè)腫瘤相關(guān)基因的突變,因此3個(gè)月的急性毒性試驗(yàn)肯定無法評(píng)價(jià)基因毒性。 [ Last edited by shengxiang on 2012-9-23 at 23:12 ] |
木蟲 (著名寫手)
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