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南蘇丹戊肝疫情控制困難重重
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前言：安徽醫(yī)科大附院再現砍醫(yī)逆天事件，醫(yī)療環(huán)境形勢愈發(fā)嚴峻，所有為人類健康偉大事業(yè)而奮斗的同行們，請君多珍重。。。 11月09日聯合國難民署網站的發(fā)布了一篇戊肝疫情的報道：http://www.unhcr.org/509d084d9.html Stretched UNHCR faces difficulties containing hepatitis E outbreak in South Sudan 2012.11.09 The UNHCR [United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees] on Friday [9 Nov 2012] warned that its capacity to contain an outbreak of hepatitis E among the refugee population in South Sudan was increasingly stretched at a time when funding for its emergency operation was depleted. "The risks will grow if, as currently anticipated, we see fresh inflows of refugees from South Kordofan and Blue Nile states in neighboring Sudan," spokesman Adrian Edwards added. Due to insecurity and worsening humanitarian conditions in South Kordofan and Blue Nile states, UNHCR staff on the ground expect thousands of new refugees to cross in the next weeks as roads become passable after the rainy season. UNHCR and its partners, including South Sudan's national health authorities, are already fighting an outbreak of hepatitis E in Upper Nile and Unity states, 2 regions where the disease is endemic and where175 000 Sudanese refugees have found shelter. "We have seen 1050 cases of hepatitis E in the refugee camps," said Edwards. "To date, 26 refugees have died in camps in Upper Nile. This is 10 more deaths since mid-September," he added. Hepatitis E virus is contracted and spread through consuming contaminated food and water.It damages the liver. Potentially fatal, the risk of infection is high in densely populated settings such as refugee camps. This is further exacerbated in the rainy season due to flooding and poor sanitation. Women and small children are the most vulnerable. Early diagnosis is also crucial for the survival of patients. Edwards said UNHCR was working with the United States Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, which has sent 6 staff to test water and blood samples and conduct house-to-house interviews on hygiene practices. To counter the spread of the disease among the tens of thousands of Sudanese refugees in South Sudan, "We are promoting better hygiene practices through hundreds of trained community workers. In all camps this community outreach exercise includes active case finding," Edwards said. The refugee agency has also been working to improve the supply of clean water in the camps, as well as upgrade latrines and provide more washing stations and soap. These measures have helped to slow the spread of the disease. However, UNHCR is struggling to meet the minimum humanitarian standards such as the provision of 15 to 20 litres of safe drinking water per refugee per day or building enough latrines so that each unit is shared by no more than 20 refugees. Edwards stressed that UNHCR's South Sudan operation is seriously underfunded. "UNHCR needs a minimum of USD 20 million until the end of the year to keep up basic life-saving activities. Of our revised appeal for USD 186 million, only 40 per cent has been received so far.International NGOs also need additional funding beyond that amount to ensure that all activities can be carried out as needed," he stressed. 南蘇丹戊肝疫情控制困難重重 聯合國難民署，2012年11月09日 聯合國難民署于11月9日發(fā)表聲明稱：應急處理的資金已經耗盡，我們對南蘇丹難民群體中暴發(fā)的戊肝疫情的控制步履維艱。“按照目前的狀況，預計形勢將進一步惡化，蘇丹周邊South Kordofan和Blue Nile states的難民正不斷涌入”發(fā)言人Adrian Edwards補充道。駐扎在當地的難民署工作人員認為，由于兩地岌岌可危的安全狀況及日益惡化的人道主義環(huán)境，預計在接下來的幾周待雨季結束道路通暢后，將會有數以千計的難民涌入。在此之前，聯合國難民署已經開始和包括南蘇丹國家衛(wèi)生局在內的機構合作，共同抗擊在Upper Nile和Unity states爆發(fā)的戊肝疫情，使共計175,000難民入住臨時避難所，而這兩個地區(qū)都是戊肝的流行區(qū)。 “我們在難民營共發(fā)現1050例戊肝感染病例”Edwards 說道�！敖刂两袢�，位于Upper Nile的難民營中有26位難民死于戊肝，其中自九月中旬以來就新增了10個死亡病例”他補充說。 戊型肝炎病毒主要通過受污染的食物和水源傳播。它能造成肝組織損傷。在難民營等人口密集的地方，傳播的風險性非常高，且具有潛在的致命性；尤其是雨水季節(jié)，洪水多發(fā)且衛(wèi)生條件差，傳播風險更甚。 婦女和兒童最易感染戊肝病毒，早期的診斷對患者的存活也至關重要。Edwards稱聯合國難民署和美國疾控中心已經展開合作，派出6名工作人員對疫區(qū)的水樣和血樣進行檢測，并逐戶拜訪進行衛(wèi)生習慣教育。 為了遏制戊肝疫情在南蘇丹成千上萬難民中的蔓延，“我們動員了數百名訓練有素的社區(qū)工作人員以改善當地居民的衛(wèi)生習慣。在所有難民營區(qū)中，這一社區(qū)宣傳計劃包括主動上報新發(fā)戊肝病例。” Edwards說，難民署還致力于改善營區(qū)的飲用水供應情況，同時升級改造公共廁所，及提供更多的清洗設施和肥皂，這些舉措對于延緩疫情傳播有一定的作用。然而，聯合國難民署所付諸的努力依然很難達到最低人道主義標準，如每人每天需獲得15-20L安全飲用水，及平均不超過20人共用一座公共廁所。 Edwards強調，聯合國難民署南蘇丹救援中心資金嚴重匱乏�！暗浇衲昴昴�，僅維持最基本救援行動的經費至少也需要2000萬美元。而我們申報的18600萬美元救助金，截至目前只收到40%。同時國際非政府組織也需要額外的資金用于確保所有必要的援助行動能順利展開”Edwards再次強調。 |
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