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rockinuk鐵桿木蟲 (職業(yè)作家)
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[求助]
求教化學(xué)方面的文章翻譯~(簡要的解說,非精翻譯)--Part 1.
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求教化學(xué)方面的文章翻譯~(簡要的解說,非精翻譯) -- Part 1. 這篇內(nèi)容是我向 RSC 索取的文件, 發(fā)表在 2002年 Chemistry in Britain 的一篇 title 為 Chemistry Encrypted 的論文~ (內(nèi)容可能涉及生物化學(xué)還是分析化學(xué)方面~ 具體~我不清楚~) 因?yàn)橄雽W(xué)這篇內(nèi)容~ 但沒有化學(xué)基礎(chǔ)及知識(shí)背景~ 上來求教化學(xué)方面的專家~ 內(nèi)容一個(gè)字一個(gè)字的輸入進(jìn) word, 然后貼上來~ 所謂隔行如隔山~ 術(shù)業(yè)有專攻~ 這內(nèi)容我不懂~ 特來請(qǐng)教這方面的專家~ ( 附件我放上 figure 1, figure 2. 及文字檔 chemistry encrypted9.doc) 我想知道~圖一跟圖二主要是在描述什么內(nèi)容~ 我把文章依段落分成 5 段~ 放上來請(qǐng)專家?guī)兔庹f~ 衷心感謝~ 謝謝~ Chemistry encrypted AFTER WITNESSING A COLLEAGUE’S transformation into a humanoid crustacean, with some feeling (and in bowdlerised form): You’ve got to be kidding’. Sometimes the audacity of a scientific idea can provoke a similar response. Columbia University chemistry professor Clark Still, while ruminating over a problem in combinatorial chemistry, had such an idea. When he explained it to his postdoctoral assistant, Micheal Ohlmeyer, it left the latter literally scratching his head. The problem that Still was thinking about was this. You have a large number millions of microscopic polystyrene beads. Each bead is coated with a different peptide. Some beads have stuck, via their peptides, to a clinically important target molecule. These sticky beads have identified themselves by going red in a diagnostic colour assay. Since the active peptides these beads display are potential drugs, it is essential to find out what their amino acid sequence are. How do you do it? Still imagined giving the amino acid sequence of the peptide on each bead a digital code. He limited himself to seven different amino acids, A-G, and numbered then in binary, A=001, B=010 and so on. The amino acid sequence could then be ‘digitised’ by placing the binary numbers of the amino acids in the order that they appeared in the peptide. So for a peptide with the amino acid sequence: D B A E F G C The digital code would be: 100 010 001 101 110 111 011 He then envisaged that the 1s and 0s at each of the 21 positions in this digital code would be represented by either the presence or absence of different tag molecules on the bead. These tags would be attached to the bead as the peptide was being assembled on it (Fig 1a). If the first amino acid was E(101), tag molecules 1 and 3 would cap a very small proportion of the reactive sites to which E is to be attached; E then couples to the remaining uncapped sites. The attachment of the second amino acid F(110) wound be accompanied by attachment of tag molecules 4 and 5. These new tags cap a small proportion of the first amino acid-sites where F would otherwise have attached. Further extension of the growing peptide chains is similarly by the addition of further tags. So if the third amino acid was G (111), this would be attached to the bead alongside tags 7, 8 and 9.Thus the encoding process is concurrent with peptide assembly. Once assembly is complete, each bead should have, in addition to many copies of a given peptide, its own digital code specifying the amino acid sequence of that peptide. The tags were to be attached to the reactive sites on the bead by a photocleavable link (Fig 1b), such that irradiating the bead with ultraviolet light would release them. They could then be subject to gas chromatography (GC), with the GC trace being the visible manifestation of the digital code. Therefore the tag molecules also needed to be easily detectable and resolvable by GC. Still chose a series of halogen-rich arenes for this purpose. The amino acid sequence of the gas chromatograph from left to right. Having an idea is one thing, realizing it quite another. To their considerable credit, Still and Ohlmeyer, along with six other co-workers did see it through. They built a library that theoretically contained 117649 different beads, each one digitally encoded for the peptide that it displayed. To see if their library was any good, they mixed it with an antibody they knew would bind to a particular peptide in the library. Amazingly, with this antibody they were able to pick out a bead that, when they read its digital code, had exactly this peptide. (They also picked out beads displaying peptides of related amino acid sequence.). Since this trail-blazing experiment - the first to make use of miniature barcode as far as I know - the bead encoding technology has been extended to include libraries of other small organic molecules besides peptides. Researchers have also refined the tagging step; the tag is now attached to the bead rather than to reactive sites used by the molecule being built. And the technology has spawned a drug discovery company – aptly named Pharmacopeia. figure 1.JPG figure 2.JPG |
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歡迎監(jiān)督和反饋：小木蟲僅提供交流平臺(tái)，不對(duì)該內(nèi)容負(fù)責(zé)。
本內(nèi)容由用戶自主發(fā)布，如果其內(nèi)容涉及到知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)問題，其責(zé)任在于用戶本人，如對(duì)版權(quán)有異議，請(qǐng)聯(lián)系郵箱：xiaomuchong@tal.com - 附件 1 : chemistryencrypted9.doc
2013-01-24 10:32:58, 40 K
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nwsuafliu
木蟲 (著名寫手)
- 翻譯EPI: 144
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【答案】應(yīng)助回帖
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在見證一個(gè)同事轉(zhuǎn)變成一個(gè)人形甲殼類動(dòng)物后，產(chǎn)生一絲感覺：你一定是在開玩笑吧。有時(shí)大膽的科學(xué)理念可以引起類似反應(yīng)。哥倫比亞大學(xué)的化學(xué)教授Clark Still在反復(fù)思考組合化學(xué)中一個(gè)問題時(shí)，產(chǎn)生如此想法。他向他的的博士后助理Micheal Ohlmeyer解釋這個(gè)時(shí)，后者撓頭。。 Still教授在思考的問題是這樣的。你有一個(gè)數(shù)以百萬計(jì)的聚苯乙烯微珠。每個(gè)微珠上裹有不同的肽。有些微珠能通過它們的肽來結(jié)合某個(gè)臨床上重要的靶分子。這些粘性微珠在診斷性顏色分析中變紅，從而得到識(shí)別。由于這些微珠顯示的活性肽是潛在的藥物，有必要找出什么是其氨基酸序列。你怎么辦呢？ Still想象，給每個(gè)微珠上肽段的氨基酸序列一個(gè)數(shù)字碼。他自己限定了7個(gè)不同的氨基酸A到G，進(jìn)行二進(jìn)制編號(hào)，A =001，B =010，如此以往。然后，按照這些氨基酸在肽中出現(xiàn)的順序，排列氨基酸對(duì)應(yīng)的二進(jìn)制數(shù)字，實(shí)現(xiàn)氨基酸序列的“數(shù)字化”。因此，對(duì)于一個(gè)氨基酸序列為DBAEFGC的肽，其數(shù)字碼是100 010 001 101 110 111 011 |
2樓2013-01-24 17:16:16
nwsuafliu
木蟲 (著名寫手)
- 翻譯EPI: 144
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【答案】應(yīng)助回帖
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然后，他設(shè)想在這組包含21個(gè)位置的數(shù)字碼種，1和0分別代表珠子上不同標(biāo)簽分子的存在或不存在。當(dāng)肽被組裝在珠子上時(shí)，這些標(biāo)簽也附著在珠子上（圖1a）。如果首個(gè)氨基酸是E(101)，標(biāo)簽分子1和3將捕獲結(jié)合E的活性位點(diǎn)的一小部分，而E和剩余的未捕獲位點(diǎn)聯(lián)結(jié)。第2個(gè)氨基酸F(110)和珠子的結(jié)合，則伴隨標(biāo)簽分子4和5的結(jié)合。這些新標(biāo)簽捕獲了首個(gè)氨基酸位點(diǎn)的一小部分，否則這些位點(diǎn)將被F占據(jù)。 進(jìn)一步增加標(biāo)簽，就可以延伸肽鏈。因此如果第3個(gè)氨基酸是G(111)，將沿著標(biāo)簽7、8和9附加在珠子上。因此編碼過程和肽裝配并行。一旦組裝完成，每個(gè)珠子除了有某個(gè)肽的很多拷貝，也應(yīng)該有代表該肽的氨基酸序列的珠子自身的數(shù)字代碼。 |
3樓2013-01-24 17:33:28
nwsuafliu
木蟲 (著名寫手)
- 翻譯EPI: 144
- 應(yīng)助: 42 (小學(xué)生)
- 金幣: 2406.9
- 散金: 1449
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- 蟲號(hào): 136928
- 注冊(cè): 2005-12-17
- 專業(yè): 作物分子育種
【答案】應(yīng)助回帖
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ...
rockinuk: 金幣+100, 翻譯EPI+1, ★★★★★最佳答案, 一次全給~謝謝幫忙~^^ 2013-02-03 13:49:30
rockinuk: 金幣+100, 翻譯EPI+1, ★★★★★最佳答案, 一次全給~謝謝幫忙~^^ 2013-02-03 13:49:30
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這些標(biāo)簽由可被光切割的鏈附著在珠子的活性位點(diǎn)，因此用紫外光照射，可以釋放這些標(biāo)簽。這些標(biāo)簽然后用于氣相色譜分析，氣象色譜跟蹤實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)字碼的可視化。因此，標(biāo)簽分子也需要容易通過氣象色譜檢測(cè)和解析。Still教授選擇了一系列富含鹵素的芳烴用于此目的。氣相色譜儀給出從左到右的氨基酸序列。 有想法是一回事，實(shí)現(xiàn)想法是另一回事。Still等8人建立了一個(gè)庫，理論上包含117649種不同珠子，每一個(gè)珠子含有其顯示的多肽的數(shù)字碼。為了測(cè)試他們的庫是否好用，他們混入一個(gè)已知的抗體，這個(gè)抗體會(huì)和庫中的某個(gè)特定肽結(jié)合。奇妙的是，通過這個(gè)抗體，他們可以釣出一個(gè)珠子，當(dāng)他們讀取其數(shù)字代碼時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)，正是帶有這一特定肽的珠子。 （他們也釣到一些顯示相關(guān)氨基酸序列的肽的珠子）。 由于這一開拓性的實(shí)驗(yàn)，據(jù)我所知屬于首家使用微型條碼， 珠子編碼技術(shù)已經(jīng)從肽擴(kuò)展到包括其他有機(jī)小分子的庫。研究人員還細(xì)化了標(biāo)簽步驟�，F(xiàn)在，標(biāo)簽分子附著在珠子上，而不再是附著在標(biāo)簽分子所用的活性位點(diǎn)。而且該技術(shù)已經(jīng)催生了一家藥物研發(fā)公司，恰如其分地命名為藥典（Pharmacopeia）。 |
4樓2013-01-24 17:51:00
nwsuafliu
木蟲 (著名寫手)
- 翻譯EPI: 144
- 應(yīng)助: 42 (小學(xué)生)
- 金幣: 2406.9
- 散金: 1449
- 紅花: 18
- 帖子: 1437
- 在線: 315.6小時(shí)
- 蟲號(hào): 136928
- 注冊(cè): 2005-12-17
- 專業(yè): 作物分子育種
5樓2013-01-24 17:52:50
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