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LZX1024木蟲 (正式寫手)
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Abstract: In the past decade alkynes have become attractive starting materials for the synthesis of a variety of indole derivatives. This review summarizes the development of diverse homogeneous catalytic methods for the synthesis of indoles from alkynes and different N nucleophiles such as arylhydrazines, aniline derivatives, aryl isonitriles and nitroarenes. 1 Introduction 2 Metal-Catalyzed Hydroamination of Alkynes with Arylhydrazines 3 Indoles from Aniline Derivatives 3.1 Annulation of o-Haloanilines with Alkynes 3.2 Cyclization of o-Alkynylaniline Derivatives 3.3 Reaction of Anilines with Propargyl Alcohol Derivatives 4 Indoles from Isocyanides 5 Cycloaddition of Nitro- and Nitrosoarenes with Alkynes 6 Conclusion Keywords: alkynes; anilines; hydrazines; indoles; isonitriles; nitroarenes The indole ring system is the most widely distributed heterocycle found in nature. Since indole was first isolated by treatment of indigo dye with oleum, the name indole is a combination of the words indigo and oleum. Among the numerous structurally diverse derivatives many indoles show significant biological activity such as tryptamine, tryptophan, and serotonin. Hence, it is not surprising that this structural motif is also an important component in many of todayBs pharmaceuticals (Scheme 1). |
禁蟲 (知名作家)
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摘要:在近十年,炔烴類已經成為合成各種吲哚衍生品的原料。這一篇綜述總結了由炔烴以及不同N親核物質,比如:芳香肼、苯胺衍生品、芳基、異腈以及芳硝基化合物,合成吲哚各種各樣的催化方法 1.前言 2.金屬催化的炔烴與芳香肼的氫胺化反應 3.苯胺衍生物合成吲哚 3.1. 環(huán)狀結構的o-環(huán)苯胺類與炔烴 3.2. 炔基苯胺衍生物的環(huán)化作用 3.3.苯胺類與炔丙醇衍生物的反應 4.異氰化物合成吲哚 5.硝基以及硝基索爾斯與炔烴類的環(huán)加成作用 6. 結論 關鍵詞:炔烴;苯胺;肼;吲哚;異腈;芳硝基化合物 吲哚環(huán)結構是自然界中分布最廣的雜環(huán)結構。由于吲哚是第一次通過處理藍青染料與發(fā)煙硫酸而分離得到的,吲哚的名字是靛藍與發(fā)煙硫酸兩個單詞的結合體。在眾多結構多樣化的衍生品中,吲哚具有重要的生物活性,比如:色胺、色氨酸和血清素。因此,這一結構也是現在很多藥物的重要組成部分,這并不驚奇。 |
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