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健康小強鐵蟲 (小有名氣)
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[求助]
求翻譯達(dá)人....幫忙翻一下兩段英文文獻(xiàn)，謝絕用翻譯軟件亂譯...謝謝
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Carvacrol (98% pure) and curcumin (80% pure) were obtained from Sigma–Aldrich. Extract of betaine was 96% pure (BetainTM 96, Trouw Nutrition, Putten, The Netherlands) and EP was a standardized extract (E. purpurea, 4:1, Natuur Apotheek, Pijnacker, The Netherlands).The maximum concentration of the phytochemicals tolerable to MDBK cells was determined by exposing cell monolayers to various concentrations of the compounds in cell culture medium without FCS for 20 h (37 ◦C, 5% CO2) and determining the percentage of viable cells with the Trypan blue cell viability assay (Freshney, 2010). The highest concentration of each compound which allowed at least 97% MDBK viability was used in the E. tenella invasion assays as follows: 0.5g/ml betaine, 20.0g/ml carvacrol, 0.2g/ml curcumin, and 2.0g/ml EP. These concentrations were well below the EC50 for the phytochemicals (40, 80, 35 and 60g/ml respectively) estimated by plotting dose–response curves. MDBK cells were routinely maintained in media as described by Schubert et al. (2005) and were tested for contamination by plating onto blood agar plates and for Mycoplasma spp. using a kit (PlasmoTest,InvivoGen, San Diego, CA, USA). For invasion assays, cells were seeded (3×104 cells/well) onto glass cover slips in 12 wells plates and incubated to 70–80% confluency in four days and the medium was replaced with DMEM containing the phytochemicals. Salinomycin (Fluka) 50g/ml was used as positive control (maximum inhibition); negative controls were wells containing DMEM with no additions (maximum invasion). Sporulated oocysts of E. tenella (Houghton strain) were supplied by Animal Health Services,Deventer, The Netherlands, prepared as described by Vervelde et al. (1998) and resuspended in HBSS pH8.0 for immediate use. Sporozoites (2×105) were added to each well and cells were incubated at 37 ◦C in 5% CO2.The sporozoite suspension was then discarded, cells were washed three times using DPBS, fixed and stained with hematoxylin–eosin (HE, Sigma) according to Augustine et al. (1997). Photographs were made with an Olympus DP25 camera of 10 evenly spaced fields per well using a Zeiss Axioskop light microscope (400×). Invasion was quantified by counting the number of cells and the number of cells invaded by sporozoites summed over 10 evenly spaced fields per well. In the first experiment, cells were exposed (in duplicate) to sporozoites for periods of 2 h, 4 h and 20 h to investigate the period of time required for E. tenella invasion under these conditions. Combinations of the most effective inhibitors of E. tenella invasion, (carvacrol + EP and carvacrol + EP + curcumin) were tested in a second experiment that was carried out three times in duplicate using a 2 h exposure period. For the statistical analysis a linear mixed-effects model (Bates and Maechler, 2010) for clustered data was used with the number of invaded cells of the total cells as the binomial outcome. Experiment number was added as random effect to account for the correlated observations within experiment. In the first experiment explanatory factors were compound and time and the interaction between both. In the second experiment explanatory factor was (combination of) compound. The Aikaike’s information criterion (AIC) was used for model selection. Software used for the analysis was program R version 2.11.1 (R Development Core Team, 2010). |
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★ ★ ★ ★ ★
sltmac: 金幣-5, 機器翻譯 2013-04-30 09:20:27
sltmac: 金幣-5, 機器翻譯 2013-04-30 09:20:27
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本帖內(nèi)容被屏蔽 |
2樓2013-04-29 20:42:43
健康小強
鐵蟲 (小有名氣)
- 應(yīng)助: 0 (幼兒園)
- 金幣: 207.4
- 散金: 146
- 帖子: 168
- 在線: 44小時
- 蟲號: 1922398
- 注冊: 2012-08-03
- 專業(yè): 細(xì)胞呼吸與代謝
3樓2013-04-30 13:24:38
南京工大
木蟲 (小有名氣)
- 翻譯EPI: 14
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- 蟲號: 1410020
- 注冊: 2011-09-20
- 性別: GG
- 專業(yè): 高分子組裝與超分子結(jié)構(gòu)
【答案】應(yīng)助回帖
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健康小強: 金幣+40, 翻譯EPI+1, ★★★★★最佳答案, 謝謝樓主的幫忙，不勝感激，我再修改一下關(guān)鍵詞，估計就差不多了，嘿嘿謝謝你 2013-05-03 17:56:44
健康小強: 金幣+40, 翻譯EPI+1, ★★★★★最佳答案, 謝謝樓主的幫忙，不勝感激，我再修改一下關(guān)鍵詞，估計就差不多了，嘿嘿謝謝你 2013-05-03 17:56:44
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香芹酚（純度98%）和姜黃色素（純度80%）均為從Sigma-Aldrich購買得到。甜菜堿提取物純度為96%（…公司），松果提取物為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化提取物（…規(guī)格，…公司）。MDBK細(xì)胞對這些植物化學(xué)物質(zhì)的最大容許濃度通過以下方法確定：在細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)介質(zhì)中不加胎牛血清的條件下，暴露單細(xì)胞層于多種濃度的化合物中，在37°C，5% CO2的條件下培養(yǎng)20 h，并通過臺盼藍(lán)細(xì)胞生存能力測試（Freshney，2010）測定培養(yǎng)后剩余的活細(xì)胞的比例。能夠滿足至少97%的MDBK細(xì)胞存活性，并使用在柔嫩艾美爾球蟲侵入測試中最高濃度的如下所示：甜菜堿0.5 g/ml，香芹酚20.0 g/ml，姜黃色素0.2 g/ml，松果提取物2.0 g/ml。通過劑量-響應(yīng)曲線分析得到，上述濃度值低于這些植物化學(xué)物質(zhì)的半數(shù)有效濃度（EC50）（四者的EC50分別為40,80,35,60 g/ml）。MDBK細(xì)胞使用常規(guī)的方法保存在介質(zhì)中（Schubert等，2005），并在瓊脂平板上鋪展進(jìn)行了污染性能測試，以及使用工具包（…）對支原體屬進(jìn)行了測試。 為了進(jìn)行侵入測試，細(xì)胞接種（3x104 細(xì)胞/孔洞）到有12個孔洞的玻璃蓋玻片上，進(jìn)行培養(yǎng)，在四天內(nèi)達(dá)到70-80%的細(xì)胞覆蓋率。接著，將介質(zhì)換為含有植物化學(xué)物質(zhì)的細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)基�；烊�50g/ml沙利霉素（Fluka）作為正向控制（最大抑制）；在孔道內(nèi)注入不加任何添加成分的細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)基作為反向控制（最大侵入）。柔嫩艾美爾球蟲H株孢子化的卵囊是由…提供的，其制備方法同Vervelde等（1998）所描述的方法，并且再懸浮于pH=8的平衡鹽溶液中用于直接使用。孢子體（2x105）添加到每一個孔道中，在37°C，5% CO2濃度的條件下進(jìn)行細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)。培養(yǎng)后去掉孢子懸浮液，使用磷酸鹽緩沖液洗滌細(xì)胞三次，按照Augustine等（1997）的方法使用伊紅染劑（HE，Sigma）對細(xì)胞固定和染色。使用使用Zeiss Axioskop 光學(xué)顯微鏡（400x）和Olympus DP25照相機拍攝了每個孔道中10個均勻分布的場。通過計數(shù)每個孔道中10個均勻分布的場中細(xì)胞的總數(shù)和被孢子入侵的細(xì)胞的總數(shù)來定量的分析侵入。 在第一個實驗中，細(xì)胞分別暴露在孢子中2 h、4 h和20 h來研究柔嫩艾美爾球蟲細(xì)胞在這些條件下入侵所需的時間，同一實驗條件進(jìn)行兩次以保證準(zhǔn)確性。在第二個實驗中，對柔嫩艾美爾球蟲入侵的最有效的抑制劑的組合（香芹酚+松果提取物，香芹酚+松果提取物+姜黃色素）進(jìn)行了測試，在2 h的暴露時間條件下進(jìn)行了三次重復(fù)實驗。為了進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計分析，我們使用了Bates和Maechler針對集群數(shù)據(jù)建立的線性的混合效應(yīng)模型（2010）。通過使用這種統(tǒng)計方法，將被入侵細(xì)胞與細(xì)胞總數(shù)的比值作為二項式的結(jié)果。我們增加了實驗數(shù)量作為一個影響因素，以解釋隨機效應(yīng)對實驗中相關(guān)的現(xiàn)象的影響。在第一個實驗中，解釋因素是化合物以及時間還有兩者之間的相互作用。在第二個實驗中，解釋因素是化合物的共同作用。我們使用了模型擬合優(yōu)度檢驗（AIC）進(jìn)行模型選擇。分析使用的軟件是R程序，版本為2.11.1版（…）。 |
4樓2013-05-03 17:13:26
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