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Photoacoustic tomography (PAT) can create multiscale multicontrast images of living biological structures ranging from organelles to organs. This emerging technology overcomes the high degree of scattering of optical photons in biological tissue by making use of the photoacoustic effect. Light absorption by molecules creates a thermally induced pressure jump that launches ultrasonic waves, which are received by acoustic detectors to form images. Different implementations of PAT allow the spatial resolution to be scaled with the desired imaging depth in tissue while a high depth-to-resolution ratio is maintained. As a rule of thumb, the achievable spatial resolution is on the order of 1/200 of the desired imaging depth, which can reach up to 7 centimeters. PAT provides anatomical, functional, metabolic, molecular, and genetic contrasts of vasculature, hemodynamics, oxygen metabolism, biomarkers, and gene expression. We review the state of the art of PAT for both biological and clinical studies and discuss future prospects. |
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phu_grassman: 金幣+2, thanks 2013-05-28 15:16:57
嚴雪旗(phu_grassman代發(fā)): 金幣+20, 翻譯EPI+1, good job. 2013-11-07 10:01:19
phu_grassman: 金幣+2, thanks 2013-05-28 15:16:57
嚴雪旗(phu_grassman代發(fā)): 金幣+20, 翻譯EPI+1, good job. 2013-11-07 10:01:19
| 光聲斷層成像（PAT）可為包括細胞器、器官在內(nèi)的各種生物結(jié)構(gòu)提供多尺度多對比圖像。這種新興技術(shù)利用光聲效應(yīng)，克服了生物組織中光子的散射。分子的光吸收產(chǎn)生了熱誘導下的壓力驟升，并發(fā)射超聲波，后者由聲探測器所接收并形成影像。PAT的不同實現(xiàn)形式允許空間分辨率隨著所需的組織成像深度而任意調(diào)整，同時維持較高的深度分辨率。經(jīng)驗表明，可實現(xiàn)的空間分辨率為所期望的成像深度的1/200級別，而期望的成像深度最深可達到7厘米。PAT可提供血管、血流動力學、氧代謝、生物標記和基因表達的解剖、功能、代謝、分子和遺傳對比。我們對生物學和臨床研究中的PAT先進技術(shù)的應(yīng)用進行了復習，并討論這一技術(shù)在未來的前景。 |
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