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幫忙翻譯化學(xué)論文中的英文 英譯漢2-3
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2. Previous studies have examined Pt coated or Pt alloyed catalysts for improved ORR activity and/or reduced cost. Since the substrate or alloyed metal typically has a lower cost than Pt, normalizing activity to the total metal mass does not adequately demonstrate the cost savings this class of catalyst o ff ers. While this study completed ORR activity analyses in terms of total metal mass and Pt mass, dollar activities were also included to objectively quantify the cost bene fi t of Pt coated copper (Cu) nanowires (Pt/CuNWs). Dollar activities were derived as a cost normalized ORR mass activity and calculated using fi ve year metal price averages (July 2006−2011) for Pt ($1414.7 t oz−1 ), Cu ($ 6.3 t oz−1 ), and silver (Ag, $ 17.3 t oz −1 ). In terms of dollar activity, the DOE mass activity target corresponded to 9.7 A $−1 . 3. Previously, Ag nanowire (AgNW) templated Pt nanotubes (PtNTs (Ag)) were synthesized by galvanically displacing AgNWs and studied for ORR activity. 9,10 Because of low surface area, PtNTs (Ag) are unable to meet the dollar target in their current form. Furthermore, Pt coated AgNWs are impractical as acidic ORR catalysts because of the strong antisegregation energy (theoretically 0.34 eV atom −1 for a Pt impurity on a Ag host). 11 The alloy formation does not allow a complete Pt shell and the presence of Ag is a liability for corrosion fi rst on the surface and then the bulk, eventually destroying the catalyst. |
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2。以前有研究已經(jīng)探討鉑涂層或鉑合金催化劑改進氧還原的催化活性和/或降低成本。由于襯底或合金化的金屬成本通常比鉑低,通常的催化活性與總金屬質(zhì)量定量關(guān)系不能充分說明該類催化劑提供的成本節(jié)約。雖然這項研究通過總金屬質(zhì)量和鉑質(zhì)量進行完成氧還原催化活性分析,以客觀量化的成本收益分析鉑涂層銅(銅)納米線(的Pt / CuNWs的)經(jīng)濟指標(biāo)。經(jīng)濟指標(biāo)外推為通常的一定質(zhì)量金屬的氧化還原反應(yīng)活性,使用五個年度的平均金屬價格(2006年7月-2011年)鉑(1414.7美元每盎司),銅(6.3美元1盎斯),銀(Ag,17.3美元1盎斯)。美國能源部的質(zhì)量活動目標(biāo)為9.7美元。 3。此前通過電鍍AgNWs方法合成了銀納米線(AgNW)模板的鉑納米管(PtNTs(銀))并研究了氧還原活性9,10。由于低表面面積,PtNTs(銀)目前的形式無法滿足經(jīng)濟指標(biāo)。而且,鉑涂層AgNWs為酸性氧化還原反應(yīng)催化劑因為強大的抗電離解析能(理論上1個銀主體上的鉑雜質(zhì)原子0.34 eV)變得不切實際的11。 合金形式不允許一個完整的鉑殼和銀的存在易導(dǎo)致腐蝕,首先發(fā)生于表面上,然后是實體,最終破壞催化劑。 文中9、10、11為參考文獻,按理應(yīng)該在句號前,怎么跑到句號后去了呢?是輸入錯誤還是原文如此,請查對。! |

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