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[求助]
求助翻譯下面一段文字，特別是標(biāo)紅色的那句，非常感謝！
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求助翻譯下面一段文字 英譯中： Studies of a newly discovered receptor or endogenous ligand are often confounded by incomplete knowledge of the exact role of that receptor or ligand. One of the most powerful of the new genetic techniques is the ability to breed animals (usually mice) in which the gene for the receptor or its endogenous ligand has been "knocked out," ie, mutated so that the gene product is absent or nonfunctional. Homozygous "knockout" mice will usually have complete suppression of that function, while heterozygous animals will usually have partial suppression. Observation of the behavior, biochemistry, and physiology of the knockout mice will often define the role of the missing gene product very clearly. When the products of a particular gene are so essential that even heterozygotes do not survive to birth, it is sometimes possible to breed "knockdown" versions with only limited suppression of function. Some patients respond to certain drugs with greater than usual sensitivity. (Such variations are discussed in: Drug Biotransformation.) It is now clear that such increased sensitivity is often due to a very small genetic modification that results in decreased activity of a particular enzyme responsible for eliminating that drug. Pharmacogenomics (or pharmacogenetics) is the study of the genetic variations that cause individual differences in drug response. Future clinicians may screen every patient for a variety of such differences before prescribing a drug. |
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2樓2013-11-12 17:12:35
xiaojian0502
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nono2009: 屏蔽內(nèi)容, 違規(guī)存檔, 本版嚴(yán)禁google等機(jī)器翻譯 2013-11-18 14:53:13
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本帖內(nèi)容被屏蔽 |
3樓2013-11-17 21:34:45
RXMCDM
版主 (文壇精英)
- 翻譯EPI: 530
- 應(yīng)助: 401 (碩士)
- 貴賓: 1.908
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- 散金: 4908
- 紅花: 88
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- 性別: GG
- 專業(yè): 一般管理理論與研究方法論
- 管轄: 論文翻譯
4樓2013-11-17 22:48:12
RXMCDM
版主 (文壇精英)
- 翻譯EPI: 530
- 應(yīng)助: 401 (碩士)
- 貴賓: 1.908
- 金幣: 38947.6
- 散金: 4908
- 紅花: 88
- 沙發(fā): 4
- 帖子: 11453
- 在線: 1355.6小時
- 蟲號: 2739168
- 注冊: 2013-10-20
- 性別: GG
- 專業(yè): 一般管理理論與研究方法論
- 管轄: 論文翻譯
【答案】應(yīng)助回帖
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
真強(qiáng)必勝: 金幣+1, good 2013-12-21 11:32:49
晨曦微露(phu_grassman代發(fā)): 金幣+10, good job 2013-12-31 10:55:40
真強(qiáng)必勝: 金幣+1, good 2013-12-21 11:32:49
晨曦微露(phu_grassman代發(fā)): 金幣+10, good job 2013-12-31 10:55:40
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研究一種新發(fā)現(xiàn)的受體或內(nèi)源性配體時，常常使人感到困惑，原因在于對受體或配體的確切作用并不十分了解。最新最強(qiáng)大的新的基因工程技術(shù)是生產(chǎn)繁殖受體基因或它的內(nèi)源性配體基因已被“敲出”的動物（通常是小鼠），基因突變使基因產(chǎn)物缺失或無功能。純合子“基因敲除”小鼠通常該功能完全抑制，而雜合子動物通常是部分抑制。觀察基因敲除小鼠的行為，生物化學(xué)和生理學(xué)往往能夠很清楚地判定缺失的基因產(chǎn)物的作用。當(dāng)某一特定基因的產(chǎn)物非常重要時，雜合子就不會形成，有時只要功能受到抑制就會產(chǎn)生基因敲除的效果。 有些患者對某些藥物更加靈敏，超于正常。 （這種變化的討論見：藥物的生物轉(zhuǎn)化）。現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)清楚，這種敏感性增加通常是由于一個非常小的遺傳修飾，結(jié)果負(fù)責(zé)消除這種藥物的特定的酶活性下降。藥物基因組學(xué)（或藥理學(xué)）研究的是導(dǎo)致藥物反應(yīng)個體差異的遺傳多樣性。未來的醫(yī)生可能先確定每一位病人的這種藥物反應(yīng)多樣性，然后才會開處方。 |
5樓2013-11-23 01:47:26
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