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xcchen捐助貴賓 (著名寫手)
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法國(guó)科學(xué)家最新研究證實(shí)：轉(zhuǎn)基因Bt毒素殺死人類腎臟細(xì)胞 (2012-03-17 14:40:16)
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http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4bb17e9d0102dyiz.html 中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)部早在2007年非法批準(zhǔn)孟山都MON88017轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米進(jìn)口，就是既含Bt毒素又抗草甘膦除草劑的“疊加”作用轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米，Bt毒素以及草甘膦除草劑殘留雙重毒性對(duì)動(dòng)物與人類健康更加危害。為此，法國(guó)科學(xué)家該項(xiàng)新的研究對(duì)中國(guó)盡快禁絕MON88017轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米等雙重有毒、有害作物產(chǎn)品進(jìn)口，具有有特別重大意義。一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，低劑量的Bt生物殺蟲劑CryA1b以及草甘膦除草劑農(nóng)達(dá)，殺死人類腎臟細(xì)胞。孟山都的轉(zhuǎn)基因Bt玉米MON810在匈牙利、奧地利、德國(guó)、希臘與盧森堡法律規(guī)定禁止種植數(shù)年來，法國(guó)也禁止種植，這是歐洲獨(dú)立科學(xué)家與民眾堅(jiān)決抵制的結(jié)果。請(qǐng)農(nóng)業(yè)部韓長(zhǎng)賦部長(zhǎng)向全國(guó)人大、國(guó)務(wù)院、媒體與公眾解釋：歐洲越來越多國(guó)家禁止“單毒”轉(zhuǎn)基因Bt玉米MON810，中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)部為何批準(zhǔn)Bt毒素以及草甘膦除草劑殘留雙重有害有毒孟山都轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米MON88017進(jìn)口？請(qǐng)農(nóng)業(yè)部公布對(duì)孟山都轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米MON88017所做的毒理性動(dòng)物試驗(yàn)報(bào)告！ 法國(guó)、匈牙利、奧地利、德國(guó)、希臘與盧森堡禁止種植轉(zhuǎn)基因Bt玉米MON810 《中國(guó)質(zhì)量新聞網(wǎng)》 2008年03月05日《法國(guó)暫停種植MON810型轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米》披露： http://finance.sina.com.cn/roll/20080305/06502044884.shtml 法國(guó)政府近日宣布要在今年暫停種植ＭＯＮ810型轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米。MON810是法國(guó)迄今為止種植的惟一一種轉(zhuǎn)基因農(nóng)作物，因此這也意味著法國(guó)暫時(shí)關(guān)上了種植轉(zhuǎn)基因農(nóng)作物的大門。 促使法國(guó)政府做出這項(xiàng)決定的最直接的原因是，法國(guó)轉(zhuǎn)基因產(chǎn)品臨時(shí)最高委員會(huì)主席、參議員勒格朗提交的一份意見書。這份意見書“嚴(yán)重懷疑”ＭＯＮ810型轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米的安全性，并聲稱“存在一些新的科學(xué)事實(shí)”，證明轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米對(duì)“動(dòng)植物存在不利影響”。 《新華網(wǎng)》2009年04月14日《德國(guó)將禁止種植MON810型轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米》披露： http://news.qq.com/a/20090414/001737.htm 德國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)部長(zhǎng)伊爾莎·艾格納14日在柏林表示，德國(guó)將禁止種植美國(guó)孟山都公司研發(fā)的ＭＯＮ810型轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米。 艾格納說：“我作出這個(gè)決定，有合理的科學(xué)依據(jù)，因?yàn)椋停希?10型轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米對(duì)環(huán)境構(gòu)成危害。該決定完全是基于事實(shí)作出的，不帶有任何政治意味�！� 歐盟及其成員國(guó)對(duì)于轉(zhuǎn)基因作物一直顧慮重重，目前ＭＯＮ810型轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米是歐盟唯一批準(zhǔn)的可用于商業(yè)種植的轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米品種。但是，法國(guó)、奧地利、匈牙利等5個(gè)歐盟國(guó)家均禁止在本國(guó)種植轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米。 《新華網(wǎng)》2012-03-17《法國(guó)再度決定暫停種植轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米》披露： http://news.163.com/12/0317/11/7SPUL2VC00014JB5.html 今年2月，法國(guó)政府向歐盟委員會(huì)提交新的意見書，申請(qǐng)停止批準(zhǔn)種植美國(guó)孟山都公司研發(fā)的MON810轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米。歐盟委員會(huì)表示，該意見書已交由歐洲食品安全局審查，在審查結(jié)果出來前不會(huì)作出決定。 法國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)部和環(huán)境與可持續(xù)發(fā)展部在聲明中表示，由于播種期臨近，決定暫時(shí)停止在法國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)種植MON810轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米。 早在2008年，法國(guó)便宣布暫停種植國(guó)內(nèi)唯一一種轉(zhuǎn)基因作物——MON810轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米，稱其對(duì)“動(dòng)植物存在不利影響”，直到去年11月，法國(guó)最高行政法院才判決這項(xiàng)禁令無效。法國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)部長(zhǎng)布魯諾·勒梅爾隨后表示，法國(guó)政府將竭盡所能阻止種植轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米。 孟山都MON88017既含Bt毒素，又有草甘膦殘留，雙重有害毒性超過“單毒”轉(zhuǎn)基因Bt玉米MON810 中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院油料作物研究所等單位《瞿勇、 武玉花、 吳剛、曹應(yīng)龍、盧長(zhǎng)明，轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米MON88017轉(zhuǎn)化事件特異性定性PCR檢測(cè)方法及其標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化，農(nóng)業(yè)生物技術(shù)學(xué)報(bào)，2010年06期》披露： http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-NYSB201006035.htm 轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米MON88017是美國(guó)孟山都公司通過DNA重組技術(shù)開發(fā)的具有抗玉米根葉蟲和抗草甘膦類除草劑特性的玉米品系。其含有兩個(gè)外源基因（Cry13Bb1和Cp4epsps）表達(dá)盒，插入序列大小為7.1kb。 查美國(guó)《植物生物技術(shù)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)》（Plant Biotech Database）：“MON88017” http://www.agra-net.com/portal2/pbdb/ Crop: Maize 作物：玉米 Type: Stacked (herbicide-tolerant and insect-resistant) 類型：疊加（抗除草劑與抗害蟲） Trade Name: YieldGard VT Rootworm/RR2 商品名稱：產(chǎn)量捍衛(wèi)者VT根蟲/抗草甘膦除草劑農(nóng)達(dá)2 Summary: …MON88017 is also resistant to coleopteran insects, especially Diabrotica spp (corn rootworms). It expresses a Cry3Bb1 delta-endotoxin derived from Bacillus thuringiensis ssp kumamotoensis. 概述：…MON88017亦抗鞘翅類昆蟲，特別對(duì)玉米根蟲。它表達(dá)來自蘇云金桿菌ssp kumamotoensis的一種Cry3Bb1內(nèi)毒素。 農(nóng)業(yè)部早在2007年就非法批準(zhǔn)雙重有毒有害孟山都轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米MON88017進(jìn)口 農(nóng)業(yè)部科技教育司2009-06-30頒布《進(jìn)口用作加工原料的農(nóng)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)基因生物審批情況》披露： http://www.moa.gov.cn/fwllm/zxbs ... 624487341118579.doc 農(nóng)業(yè)部2007年頒發(fā)“農(nóng)基安證字(2007)第258號(hào)”許可證，批準(zhǔn)孟山都轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米MON88017進(jìn)口；有效期：轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米MON88017；用途：加工原料。 （注：無論加工做“飼料”，或加工做“食品”，農(nóng)業(yè)部?jī)H標(biāo)注“加工原料”，不加區(qū)分。） 請(qǐng)農(nóng)業(yè)部韓長(zhǎng)賦部長(zhǎng)向全國(guó)人大、國(guó)務(wù)院、媒體與公眾解釋：歐洲越來越多國(guó)家禁止“單毒”轉(zhuǎn)基因Bt玉米MON810，中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)部為何批準(zhǔn)Bt毒素以及草甘膦除草劑殘留雙重有害有毒的孟山都轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米MON88017進(jìn)口？請(qǐng)農(nóng)業(yè)部公布對(duì)孟山都轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米MON88017所做的毒理性動(dòng)物試驗(yàn)報(bào)告！ ISIS Report 14/03/12 社會(huì)中的科學(xué)研究所報(bào)告2012-03-14 Bt Toxin Kills Human Kidney Cells 轉(zhuǎn)基因Bt毒素殺死人類腎臟細(xì)胞 http://www.i-sis.org.uk/Bt_Toxin_Kills_Human_Kidney_Cells.php Cry1Ab biopesticide kills human cells at low doses as does Roundup herbicide Cry1Ab生物殺蟲劑向草甘膦除草劑農(nóng)業(yè)那樣在低劑量殺死人類細(xì)胞。 A new study shows that low doses of Bt biopesticide CryA1b as well as the glyphosate herbicide, Roundup, kill human kidney cells. The Bt biopesticide conferring insect resistance and the glyphosate tolerance trait tied to the use of glyphosate herbicides account for almost all the GM crops grown worldwide. Bt crops already constitute 39 % of globally cultivated genetically modified (GM) crops, yet this is the first study that provides evidence on the toxicity of Bt protein in human cells. 一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，低劑量的Bt生物殺蟲劑CryA1b以及草甘膦除草劑農(nóng)達(dá)，殺死人類腎臟細(xì)胞。世界各地目前種植的轉(zhuǎn)基因作物絕大多數(shù)為兩種，具有產(chǎn)生Bt殺蟲毒素特征對(duì)害蟲有抗性的轉(zhuǎn)基因Bt作物，以及具有對(duì)草甘膦抗性的抗草甘膦轉(zhuǎn)基因作物。盡管轉(zhuǎn)基因Bt作物已經(jīng)占到全球種植的轉(zhuǎn)基因作物的39%，這是提供Bt蛋白對(duì)人類細(xì)胞有毒性的頭一項(xiàng)研究。 This work comes at a time when the French environment and agricultural ministers are seeking an EU-wide ban of Monsanto’s MON810 Bt corn variety that is already outlawed in Hungary, Austria, Germany, Greece, and Luxembourg. The EU commission approved this crop in 2009, concluding that it “is as safe as its conventional counterpart with respect to potential effects on human and animal health”. In response to their publication the research team raised questions about the safety assessment procedure stating that their findings were a “surprising outcome and this risk was somehow overlooked” in past assessments of such crops. [1]. 該項(xiàng)試驗(yàn)工作來的正是時(shí)候，孟山都的MON810 轉(zhuǎn)基因Bt玉米已經(jīng)在匈牙利、奧地利、德國(guó)、希臘與盧森堡法律規(guī)定禁止種植，法國(guó)環(huán)境部長(zhǎng)、農(nóng)業(yè)部長(zhǎng)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)一步尋求在全歐盟范圍禁絕。2009年，歐盟委員會(huì)曾經(jīng)批準(zhǔn)過這種轉(zhuǎn)基因Bt玉米，作出結(jié)論：它“在對(duì)于人類與環(huán)境健康方面與其對(duì)應(yīng)傳統(tǒng)作物一樣安全”。針對(duì)歐盟委員會(huì)發(fā)表的資料，該項(xiàng)試驗(yàn)研究團(tuán)隊(duì)對(duì)歐盟委員會(huì)的安全評(píng)估程序提出問題，認(rèn)為歐盟委員會(huì)過去對(duì)這些作物評(píng)估的結(jié)論為“令人驚訝的結(jié)果，有關(guān)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)以某種方法被忽略”。[1] The research team led by Gilles-Eric Séralini at the University of Caen, France, is already well-known for their investigations on the endocrine disrupting effects of glyphosate herbicides (see [2] Glyphosate Kills Rat Testis Cells, SiS 54).The researchers tested the effects of Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac proteins as well as their combined effects with the herbicide Roundup on the human kidney cell line HEK293 [3]. Humans are exposed to hundreds of chemicals in a day, and their combined effects need to be understood. This is particularly important when considering the new generation of ‘stacked’ genetically modified (GM) crops now on the market, which carry multiple resistance genes for Bt toxins and glyphosate tolerance together. 新進(jìn)行的該項(xiàng)研究團(tuán)隊(duì)由法國(guó)卡昂大學(xué)G-E瑟拉尼（Gilles-Eric Seralini）領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，該團(tuán)隊(duì)由于對(duì)于草甘膦除草劑對(duì)內(nèi)分泌干擾影響的調(diào)查而非常知名【請(qǐng)參看[2]《草甘膦殺死老鼠睪丸細(xì)胞，SiS 54》（Glyphosate Kills Rat Testis Cells, SiS 54）】。研究團(tuán)隊(duì)試驗(yàn)了Cry1Ab蛋白和Cry1Ac蛋白，以及它們與草甘膦除草劑農(nóng)達(dá)一起對(duì)人類腎臟細(xì)胞系HEK293的綜合影響[3]。人類每天暴露于數(shù)百種化學(xué)品，必須理解它們的綜合影響�？紤]到新一代“重疊”轉(zhuǎn)基因作物已經(jīng)上市，含有對(duì)Bt蛋白以及對(duì)草甘膦的多重抗性基因。 Experiments were performed to assess both cell death and cell membrane integrity, as the pesticidal activity of Bt toxins results from creating pores in the membrane of cells in the insect gut. Cell death was measured using three parameters: 1) mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase enzyme activity as a general cell death marker, 2) activity of the membrane-bound enzyme adenylate kinase (AK) to assess membrane integrity as a marker of necrotic cell death and 3) caspase 3/7 activity, as a marker of apoptosis (programmed cell death). 進(jìn)行了核定細(xì)胞死亡與細(xì)胞膜完整性的實(shí)驗(yàn)，因?yàn)锽t毒素的殺蟲活動(dòng)性來自造成害蟲腸道細(xì)胞膜上的空洞。使用三種指標(biāo)測(cè)量細(xì)胞的死亡：1）線粒體琥珀酸脫氫酶酶活性作為一種普遍的細(xì)胞死亡標(biāo)記物，2）膜包酶肌激酶（AK）活性評(píng)估膜整體性作為壞死細(xì)胞死亡標(biāo)記，3）半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶3/7活性，作為凋亡(細(xì)胞程序性死亡) 標(biāo)記物。 They found that Cry1Ab caused cell death at concentrations of 100 parts per million (ppm), according to mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase activity. The membrane-bound enzyme adenylate kinase (AK) goes up in activity when the membrane disintegrates and releases the enzyme into the culture medium. Cry1Ab at 100 ppm induced a 2-fold increase in AK activity. No effects were seen with Cry1Ac. 他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，Cry1Ab蛋白在100 ppm濃度造成細(xì)胞死亡，依據(jù)線粒體琥珀酸脫氫酶酶活性。膜破裂并將酶釋放入培養(yǎng)基時(shí)，膜包酶肌激酶（AK）活性上升。Cry1Ab蛋白在100 ppm時(shí)誘發(fā)膜包酶肌激酶（AK）活性上升為兩倍。沒有觀察到Cry1Ac蛋白的什么作用。 No increase in caspase 3/7 activity was observed with either Cry1Ab or Cry1Ac, suggesting that necrosis as opposed to apoptosis is the mechanism whereby Cry1Ab kills the cells. 對(duì)無論Cry1Ab蛋白或Cry1Ac蛋白，都沒有觀察到半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶3/7活性的提高，意味著Cry1Ab蛋白殺死細(xì)胞的機(jī)制是壞死（necrosis）而非凋亡（apoptosis）。 Séralini’s team also assessed the effects of Roundup alone on the human kidney cells. Glyphosate at 57.2ppm (the LC50) that killed half of the cell population - 200 times below agricultural use - caused a 15-fold increase in AK activity and 6.7-fold increase in caspase 3/7 activity. 瑟拉尼的團(tuán)隊(duì)同時(shí)評(píng)估了單獨(dú)草甘膦除草劑農(nóng)達(dá)對(duì)人類腎臟細(xì)胞的影響。草甘膦在57.2 ppm（LC50）時(shí)殺死細(xì)胞群的一半 – 這樣的濃度為農(nóng)業(yè)用濃度的1/200以下 – 造成膜包酶肌激酶（AK）活性上升15倍以及半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶3/7活性提高6.7倍。 Interestingly, when Roundup was tested in combination with the Bt toxin, there was only one statistically significant effect: the increase in caspase 3/7 activity induced by 57.2 ppm glyphosate was halved in the presence of 10ppm of both Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac. There was also a non-significant trend of reduced AK leakage. 有意思的是，當(dāng)草甘膦除草劑農(nóng)達(dá)與Bt毒素一起試驗(yàn)時(shí)，僅觀察到一種統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)上有意義的影響：存在10 ppm濃度的Cry1Ab或Cry1Ac情況下，57.2 ppm草甘膦誘發(fā)的半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶3/7活性提高被降低一半。還發(fā)生了非明顯趨勢(shì)的膜包酶肌激酶（AK）泄露降低。 The authors speculated that Bt proteins may affect the bioavailability of Roundup, thus delaying its apoptotic effects. The combined effects were not investigated in terms of glyphosate’s other known interactions with the cellular biochemistry such as endocrine disruptions. Further studies are needed to understand the combined effects of stacked herbicides and pesticides on the human body. 作者們懷疑，Bt蛋白的存在可能影響了草甘膦除草劑的生物利用度，從而延遲了它造成的細(xì)胞凋亡的影響。對(duì)草甘膦除草劑農(nóng)達(dá)與Bt毒素一起的綜合作用，如草甘膦已知的內(nèi)分泌干擾這樣的細(xì)胞生物化學(xué)方面的相互影響，沒有進(jìn)行研究。有必要進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的研究，以便理解疊加在一起的除草劑與殺蟲劑對(duì)人類身體的綜合作用。 This study indicates that Bt toxins are not inert on human cells, and may indeed be toxic. As Bt toxins are produced by bacterial species existing naturally in the wild, and are used for organic agriculture, inadequate safety assessments were involved in the approval of Bt crops. 該項(xiàng)研究表明，Bt毒素對(duì)人類細(xì)胞并非惰性，而也許確實(shí)有毒性。由于野外自然存在的某些細(xì)菌產(chǎn)生Bt毒素，它也用于有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)，因而在批準(zhǔn)轉(zhuǎn)基因Bt作物時(shí)，沒有進(jìn)行足夠充分的安全評(píng)估。 Bacterial spores used in organic spraying could be washed away, but the Bt proteins are part and parcel of the GM crops. Furthermore, the Bt proteins in GM crops have been modified from those naturally produced, and the effects of these modification have not been addressed. 有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)中使用的細(xì)菌芽孢可以沖洗掉，但是轉(zhuǎn)基因Bt作物的Bt蛋白是轉(zhuǎn)基因作物不可分割的一部分。此外，轉(zhuǎn)基因作物中的Bt蛋白是自然產(chǎn)生的Bt蛋白已經(jīng)改變了的Bt蛋白，這些改變的作用還沒有進(jìn)行必要的研究。 Bt crops have previously been shown to induce hepatorenal abnormalities in rat feeding studies [4] as well as immune responses that may be responsible for allergies observed in farmers and factory workers handling Bt crops, affecting the eyes, skin and the respiratory tract (see [5] (More illnesses linked to Bt crops,SiS30). 過去的老鼠喂食試驗(yàn)表明，轉(zhuǎn)基因Bt作物誘發(fā)肝腎異常[4]，而且造成搬運(yùn)處理轉(zhuǎn)基因Bt作物的農(nóng)民與工廠工人中觀察到的過敏性免疫反應(yīng)，影響他們的眼睛、皮膚與呼吸道【參看[5]《更多的疾病與轉(zhuǎn)基因Bt作物有聯(lián)系》（More illnesses linked to Bt crops），S/S30】。 Reduced fertility in mice fed Bt maize has also been reported(see [6]GM Maize Reduces Fertility & Deregulates Genes in Mice,SiS41). 還有報(bào)告表明喂食轉(zhuǎn)基因Bt玉米的小鼠繁殖力下降【參看[6]《轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米降低小鼠的繁殖力并使基因失控》（GM Maize Reduces Fertility & Deregulates Genes in Mice），SiS41】。 These studies, along with the observation that Bt protein is present in the blood of pregnant women and their babies makes it an urgent matter for the health impacts of Bt proteins in GM crops to be thoroughly investigated along with the known effects on the environment and non-target species (see [7] Bt Crops Failures & Hazards, SiS 53). 這些研究，以及在懷孕婦女及其孩子血液內(nèi)觀察到（來自轉(zhuǎn)基因Bt作物的）Bt蛋白的事實(shí)，使得轉(zhuǎn)基因Bt作物中的Bt蛋白對(duì)于人類的影響，必須與這種Bt蛋白對(duì)環(huán)境與非目標(biāo)物種的已知的影響【參看[7]《轉(zhuǎn)基因Bt作物失敗及其風(fēng)險(xiǎn)》（Bt Crops Failures & Hazards），SiS 53】一起，進(jìn)行充分研究已經(jīng)成為一項(xiàng)緊急事務(wù)。 References 參考文獻(xiàn)： Study questions safety of GM corn as France seeks EU ban, EurActive.com, 27th February 2012 法國(guó)尋求歐盟禁絕時(shí)對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米的安全提出問題的研究，EurActive.com，2012-02-27 http://www.euractiv.com/cap/stud ... -eu-ban-news-511102 Sirinathsinghji E. Glyphosate Kills Rat Testes Cells. Science in Society 54, 2012, to appear. Sirinathsinghji E.，草甘膦殺死老鼠睪丸細(xì)胞，社會(huì)中的科學(xué)54，2012，即將發(fā)表 Mesnage R,Clair E, Gress S,Then C, Székács A,Séralini G-E. Cytotoxicity on human cells of Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac Bt insecticidal toxins alone or with a glyphosate-based herbicide. DOI 10.1002/jat.2712 Mesnage R,Clair E, Gress S,Then C, Székács A,Séralini G-E. Cry1Ab與Cry1Ac Bt殺蟲毒素單獨(dú)，或者與草甘膦除草劑一起，對(duì)人類細(xì)胞的細(xì)胞毒性，DOI 10.1002/jat.2712 Spiroux de Vendômois J, Roullier F, Cellier D, Séralini GE. A comparison of the effects of three GM corn varieties on mammalian health. Int. J. Biol. Sci 2009, 5, 706 – 726. Spiroux de Vendômois J, Roullier F, Cellier D, Séralini GE.三種轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米品種對(duì)哺乳動(dòng)物健康影響的比較，國(guó)際生物科學(xué)，2009(5)，706-726 Ho MW. More illnesses linked to Bt crops.Science in Society 30, 8-10, 2006. 侯美婉，更多疾病與轉(zhuǎn)基因Bt作物相聯(lián)系，社會(huì)中的科學(xué)30期，8-10，2006 Ho MW. GM maize reduces fertility & deregulates genes in mice.Science in Society 41, 40-41, 2009. 侯美婉，轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米降低小鼠的繁殖力并使基因失控，社會(huì)中的科學(xué)41期，40-41，2009 Sirinathsinghji E. Bt Crops Failures & Hazards. Science in Society 53, 44-45, 2012 Sirinathsinghji E. 轉(zhuǎn)基因Bt作物失敗及其風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，社會(huì)中的科學(xué)53期，44-45，2012 |
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