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[資源]
Natural Lactones and Lactams: Synthesis, Occurrence and Biological Activity
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Lactones and lactams are one of the best recognized classes of natural products. They can be found in many natural sources and have very diversified structure with the ring size varying from 4-membered up to 60-membered. The synthesis and chemistry of natural lactones and lactams have been extensively studied in many laboratories for a long time. The main reason for the enormous interest in these two classes of compounds arises from the fact that lactone or lactam moiety is present in a vast number of natural and synthetic compounds displaying a wide spectrum of desired biological properties. Moreover, this moiety is usually crucial for their activity. The most important application of the lactones and lactams is in the pharmaceutical industry. Currently, plenty of drugs containing these structural motifs, such as β-lactams, macrolactones, dihydropyran-2-ones or tetronic acids are used in medicinal treatment of inflammation, cancer, malaria and many other diseases. Many others are on different steps of medicinal trials. Well known are also the odorant properties of many lactones which are used in fine and functional perfumery. Musk odorants which are macrolactones or relatively simple γ- and δ-lactones like whisky, wine or Aerangis lactones are the best known examples. The second important reason for the great attention given by chemists to natural lactones and lactams is their attractiveness as chiral building blocks which are frequently used in organic synthesis. Taking all these facts into consideration, it is really surprising that, to the best of my knowledge, any comprehensive compilation dedicated to this group of natural products has not been published so far. I believe that this book fills this gap, at least to some extent. The lactone or lactam structural motif can be found in so many natural products that it was not possible to include all of them in this book. Consequently, the selection which had to be made is, to a great extent, the arbitral decision of the editor proceeded by discussions with college chemists. The content of this book is therefore arguable and one can imagine somewhat different choice of subjects. One of the first things I had to do when starting the edition of this book was to get in touch with and secure the cooperation of the undisputable experts in specific and sometime narrow groups of lactones or lactams. Although it was a challenge in a few cases, the list of contributors to this book shows clearly that this undertaking has been successively accomplished. The book is organized in eight chapters devoted to different classes of natural lactones and lactams and I believe that all main groups are included. The only really big class which is not discussed in this book are coumarins but fortunately many reviews devoted to the occurrence, biological activity and synthesis of this class of compounds have recently been published (see A. Yu. Fedorov, A. V. Nyuchev and I. P. Beletskaya Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds 2012, 48, 166, and references cited therein). All contributors to this book were asked to include in their chapters a general overview as well as information about the occurrence and biological activity of the specific class of lactones and/or lactams. However, the main part of each contribution is dedicated to the general and most recent synthetic methods leading to each class of compounds. The authors were encouraged to adhere to this general scheme, however their own ideas on the content of the chapter and personal style were fully honored. I would like to thank all the authors and coauthors of the individual chapters for their excellent and timely contributions. Also, I would like to give special acknowledgments to the Wiley-VCH editorial staff, in particular to Anne Brennfuehrer who inspired me to take up the challenge of developing this book and guided me through all the steps of the editorial process and to Lesley Belfit who took care of all the technical aspects of book preparation. Ł′od′z, May 2013 Tomasz Janecki |
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