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luosier鐵桿木蟲 (正式寫手)
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英新研究表明:膳食纖維通過作用下丘腦部位抑制食欲
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肥胖人士最關(guān)心的一個話題就是如何“少吃點”,因為食欲總是很難控制。近日發(fā)表在英國《自然—通訊》期刊上的一項研究顯示,膳食纖維在腸道中被消化后,會釋放出一種分子,通過作用于大腦中一個已知的用來調(diào)節(jié)饑餓感的區(qū)域,從而抑制食欲。這也讓人們進一步理解了為什么富含膳食纖維的飲食是“健康”的。 大多數(shù)加工過的西式食物都含有大量的精制糖和脂肪,卻只有很少的可在腸道中發(fā)酵的膳食纖維。膳食纖維指不能被人體消化道酵素分解的多糖類及木植素,這一詞匯在較早的營養(yǎng)學中不曾出現(xiàn)過,但近年來的動物研究顯示,纖維可讓血液中的血糖和膽固醇控制在一個最理想的水平;且腸道中微生物發(fā)酵的膳食纖維,可以減少總體食物攝入量和體重,這種作用被認為和抑制食欲的腸道激素有關(guān)系。 現(xiàn)在,英國倫敦帝國理工學院的加里·弗若斯特和他的研究團隊揭示了膳食纖維在發(fā)酵同時,也可以直接對大腦產(chǎn)生抑制食欲的作用。他們的研究顯示,膳食纖維在經(jīng)過腸道中微生物的發(fā)酵后,釋放出的短鏈脂肪酸乙酸鹽會在小鼠下丘腦部位的神經(jīng)細胞積累并轉(zhuǎn)化,而下丘腦部位是一個已知的會控制饑餓感的腦區(qū)。研究人員注意到,直接給小鼠喂食膳食纖維或者乙酸鹽,可以立刻減少小鼠的食物攝入,并且引發(fā)出腦部一系列和抑制食欲相符的神經(jīng)元活動。 如果能夠在人體研究中得以證實,那么這項研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)就預示著:增加可發(fā)酵的膳食纖維將有可能成為一項有效的體重管理方式。 有外媒以 Dietary fibre acts on brain to suppress appetite為題進行了輿論報道。( Mouse study suggests that brain activity, not gut hormones, accounts for fibre’s weight-control action.) 研究論文標題:The short-chain fatty acid acetate reduces appetite via a central homeostatic mechanism Nature Communications 5, Article number: 3611 doi:10.1038/ncomms4611 Received 16 July 2013 Accepted 11 March 2014 Published 29 April 2014 Abstract Increased intake of dietary carbohydrate that is fermented in the colon by the microbiota has been reported to decrease body weight, although the mechanism remains unclear. Here we use in vivo11C-acetate and PET-CT scanning to show that colonic acetate crosses the blood–brain barrier and is taken up by the brain. Intraperitoneal acetate results in appetite suppression and hypothalamic neuronal activation patterning. We also show that acetate administration is associated with activation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and changes in the expression profiles of regulatory neuropeptides that favour appetite suppression. Furthermore, we demonstrate through 13C high-resolution magic-angle-spinning that 13C acetate from fermentation of 13C-labelled carbohydrate in the colon increases hypothalamic 13C acetate above baseline levels. Hypothalamic 13C acetate regionally increases the 13C labelling of the glutamate–glutamine and GABA neuroglial cycles, with hypothalamic 13C lactate reaching higher levels than the ‘remaining brain’. These observations suggest that acetate has a direct role in central appetite regulation. Subject terms: Biological sciences Neuroscience Medical research |
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