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guozhi2009鐵蟲 (正式寫手)
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[求助]
求翻譯
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Because of the currently rather low NCV, the Lahore MSW seems suitable for highly efficient recovery of energy from waste in a fluidized bed combustion (FBC) plant. This technology has been tested and proven for various wastes throughout many years in Europe at the thermal fuel power levels of about 90 MW for Bubbling Fluidized Bed (BFB) and about 160 MW for Circulating Fluidized Bed (CFB) systems. Because of the economies of scale, it is more cost-effective to have only one larger unit rather than two or three smaller units. For the MSW in Lahore with an average NCV of 5.3 MJ/kg, a 160 MW CFB unit corresponds to a capacity of 109 tons per hour or 2,608 tons per 24-hour day. On the basis of a realistic availability of the plant at full operating capacity and a small amount of co-combustion of coal (e.g. suitable local low-grade coal with high sulfur content) the nominal capacity of the first Lahore CFB unit will be for treatment of about 800,000 tons of MSW per year. According to high quality central European standards the investment costs are expected to be around US$ 240 million (at an assumed maximum range of + 30 to - 20 %). For the proposed annual capacity of 800,000 tons of the Lahore WtE plant, the estimated capital expenditure per ton of MSW is only US$ 300 per annual ton of capacity (240,000.000 US$ / 800,000 tons per year). This estimate shows a significant economic advantage of a CFB for Lahore compared to the proposed project in Istanbul. Furthermore, typical WtE plants recently built in Europe and the U.S. have cost twice as much. Also, on the basis of certain assumptions regarding the financial plan and other conditions, this report provides the preliminary estimates of average annual expenditures of US$ 43 million and average annual revenues of US$ 55 million. These preliminary results indicate that the projected WtE plant based on a large CFB for Lahore should be economically feasible, provided that the pricing and expenditure conditions are carefully defined and legally fixed prior to the final investment decision. This approach to a first FBC plant for MSW treatment in Lahore leaves ample opportunity for future dynamic development in integrated sustainable waste management and further WtE capacities based on the real development of waste composition and economically relevant demand for heat from co-generation for industrial use in the region of Lahore. This may also include in addition other well proven WtE technologies for a specific waste composition at a given time in future. |
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guozhi2009
鐵蟲 (正式寫手)
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APC Air Pollution Control BAT Best Available Techniques (according to legal requirement in the EU) BFB Bubbling Fluidized Bed CDM Clean Development Mechanism CFB Circulating Fluidized Bed EU European Union FBC Fluidized Bed Combustion GWC Global WTERT Council Inc LWMC Lahore Waste Management Company MSW Municipal Solid Waste MW Megawatt NCV Net Calorific Value (in MJ/kg) PE Polyethylene PET Poly-Ethylene-Terephthalate (typical water bottles) RDF Refuse derived Fuel UV&P UV&P Umweltmanagement - Verfahrenstechnik Neubacher & Partner Ges.m.b.H. (Environmental Management and Engineering … Inc.) WEEE Wastes of Electric and Electronic Equipment WtE Waste-to-Energy |
3樓2014-05-22 11:05:02
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