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趙鵬sky至尊木蟲 (職業(yè)作家)
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Nature：關(guān)于非線性光學(xué)材料的一個新視角
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“多量子阱半導(dǎo)體異質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)”已經(jīng)通過人工方式生成，它們能產(chǎn)生有用的非線性光學(xué)效應(yīng)，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過傳統(tǒng)非線性光學(xué)材料所產(chǎn)生的效應(yīng)。但它們的應(yīng)用范圍受到幾何限制，因?yàn)樗鼈円笕肷涔獯怪庇诎雽?dǎo)體層被偏振�，F(xiàn)在，德州大學(xué)奧斯汀分校的Mikhail A. Belkin等人通過將一個等離子激元元表面耦合到半導(dǎo)體異質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)上發(fā)現(xiàn)，這種幾何限制可以被除去，從而消除了這些非線性光學(xué)元件在使用上所受到的取向限制。（來源：生物360） 原標(biāo)題：Researchers invent 'meta mirror' to help advance nonlinear optical systems Researchers at the Cockrell School of Engineering at The University of Texas at Austin have created a new nonlinear metasurface, or meta mirror, that could one day enable the miniaturization of laser systems. The invention, called a “nonlinear mirror” by the researchers, could help advance nonlinear laser systems that are used for chemical sensing, explosives detection, biomedical research and potentially many other applications. The researchers’ study will be published in the July 3 issue of Nature. The metamaterials were created with nonlinear optical response a million times as strong as traditional nonlinear materials and demonstrated frequency conversion in films 100 times as thin as human hair using light intensity comparable with that of a laser pointer. Nonlinear optical effects are widely used by engineers and scientists to generate new light frequencies, perform laser diagnostics and advance quantum computing. Due to the small extent of optical nonlinearity in naturally occurring materials, high light intensities and long propagation distances in nonlinear crystals are typically required to produce detectable nonlinear optical effects. The research team led by UT Austin’s Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering professors Mikhail Belkin and Andrea Alu, in collaboration with colleagues from the Technical University of Munich, has created thin-film nonlinear metamaterials with optical response many orders of magnitude larger than that of traditional nonlinear materials. The scientists demonstrated this functionality by realizing a 400-nanometer-thick nonlinear mirror that reflects radiation at twice the input light frequency. For the given input intensity and structure thickness, the new nonlinear metamaterial produces approximately 1 million times larger frequency-doubled output, compared with similar structures based on conventional materials. 圖來源：The University of Texas at Austin “This work opens a new paradigm in nonlinear optics by exploiting the unique combination of exotic wave interaction in metamaterials and of quantum engineering in semiconductors,” said Professor Andrea Alu. The metamaterial at the basis of this unusual optical response consists of a sequence of thin layers made of indium, gallium and arsenic on the one hand and aluminum, indium and arsenic on the other. The researchers stacked approximately 100 of these layers, each between 1 nanometer and 12 nanometers thick, and sandwiched them between a layer of gold at the bottom and a pattern of asymmetric gold nanocrosses on top. The thin semiconductor layers confine electrons into desired quantum states, and gold nanocrosses resonate at input and output frequencies to enable the the nonlinear optical response of the mirror. The realized mirror converts light from a wavelength of 8 micrometers to 4 micrometers; however, the structures can be tailored to work at other wavelengths, from near-infrared to mid-infrared to terahertz. “Alongside frequency doubling, our structures may be designed for sum- or difference-frequency generation, as well as a variety of four-wave mixing processes,” said UT Austin graduate student Jongwon Lee, the lead author on the paper. “Our work unveils a pathway towards the development of ultrathin, highly nonlinear optical elements for efficient frequency conversion that will operate without stringent phase-matching constraints of bulk nonlinear crystals,” said Professor Mikhail Belkin. （來源：美國德州大學(xué)奧斯汀分校；http://www.utexas.edu/news/2014/07/02/meta-mirror-engineering/） 原文檢索："Giant nonlinear response from plasmonic metasurfaces coupled to intersubband transitions", Jongwon Lee et al., Nature, 2014, DOI: 10.1038/nature13455。 |
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