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踏雪凌霜

鐵桿木蟲 (著名寫手)

蓉城老妖

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[交流] 藥物傳輸—3D打印技術(shù)的新應(yīng)用

A team of researchers at Louisiana Tech University has developed an innovative method for using affordable, consumer-grade 3D printers and materials to fabricate custom medical implants that can contain antibacterial and chemotherapeutic compounds for targeted drug delivery.

路易安納州理工大學(xué)的研究者們通過傳統(tǒng)的3D打印技術(shù)成功制造出了一種新型的藥物埋植劑，這種藥物埋植劑包含抗生素和化療藥物，可用于藥物的靶向傳輸。

The team comprised of doctoral students and research faculty from Louisiana Tech’s biomedical engineering and nanosystems engineering programs collaborated to create filament extruders that can make medical-quality 3D printing filaments. Creating these filaments, which have specialized properties for drug delivery, is a new concept that can result in smart drug delivering medical implants or catheters.

這項突破是由路易斯安那州理工大學(xué)生物工程實驗室和納米工程實驗室合作完成的。他們通過絲狀擠壓機(jī)制造出富含藥物特性的3D打印絲狀體。這些絲狀體是一種新概念材料，在藥物傳輸方面有一些專門的特性，可用于制造更有效的藥物埋植劑或醫(yī)用導(dǎo)管。

“After identifying the usefulness of the 3D printers, we realized there was an opportunity for rapid prototyping using this fabrication method,” said Jeffery Weisman, a doctoral student in Louisiana Tech’s biomedical engineering program. “Through the addition of nanoparticles and/or other additives, this technology becomes much more viable using a common 3D printing material that is already biocompatible. The material can be loaded with antibiotics or other medicinal compounds, and the implant can be naturally broken down by the body over time.”

“在看到了3D打印機(jī)的應(yīng)用之后，我們意識到采用這種技術(shù)來進(jìn)行快速原型設(shè)計會是一個機(jī)會�！甭芬姿拱材侵菘萍即髮W(xué)生物醫(yī)學(xué)工程博士生杰弗瑞•威斯曼說，“通過納米粒子以及其他添加物的加入，這項技術(shù)變得更加具有可行性。目前應(yīng)用傳統(tǒng)3D打印材料制造出的產(chǎn)品以不會產(chǎn)生排異反應(yīng)。這些材料可以搭載抗生素和其他藥物成分，并且一段時間后會在身體中自然降解�！�

According to Weisman, personalized medicine and patient specific medication regiments is a current trend in healthcare. He says this new method of creating medically compatible 3D printing filaments will offer hospital pharmacists and physicians a novel way to deliver drugs and treat illness.

據(jù)威斯曼講，個體特異性醫(yī)療是目前醫(yī)療的趨勢。他說，通過這項技術(shù)制造出的產(chǎn)品擁有藥物學(xué)兼容性，而這將會為藥劑師及內(nèi)科醫(yī)生在傳輸藥物及治療疾病時提供更多的選擇。

“One of the greatest benefits of this technology is that it can be done using any consumer printer and can be used anywhere in the world,” Weisman said.

“這項的技術(shù)的重大優(yōu)勢是它的普適性，應(yīng)用任何傳統(tǒng)的3D打印機(jī)，在世界的任何地方，我們都可以制造出醫(yī)療產(chǎn)品，” 威斯曼如是說。

Weisman, who works out of a lab directed by Dr. David K. Mills, professor of biological sciences and biomedical engineering, partnered with Connor Nicholson, a doctoral candidate in nanosystems engineering and member of a lab operated by Dr. Chester Wilson, associate professor of electrical and nanosystems engineering, to develop the technology in collaboration with Mills. The group also worked with Extrusionbot, LLC of Phoenix, Arizona, who provided important materials support throughout the development and testing process.

威斯曼同康納•尼爾森（納米系統(tǒng)工程博士生）以及切斯特•威爾遜實驗室的部分成員同米爾斯合作，共同開發(fā)了這項技術(shù)。該團(tuán)隊在Extrusionbot，3D打印機(jī)上進(jìn)行試驗。亞利桑那州的LLC公司為本次研發(fā)提供產(chǎn)品測試以及材料方面的支持。

“We had been working on several applications of 3D printing,” said Mills. “Several students in my lab including Jeff and Connor, who was a guest researcher from Dr. Wilson’s lab, had been working with colleagues for some time. I sent an email to them and asked them the question, ‘Do you think it would be possible to print antibiotic beads using some kind of PMMA or other absorbable material?’”

“我們正在研究3D打印技術(shù)的多方面應(yīng)用，”米克斯說�！拔业膶嶒炇业膸讉€學(xué)生包括杰夫和康納（威爾遜實驗室的客座研究員）已經(jīng)從業(yè)多年。我曾E-mail他們，問過他們這樣一個問題‘你覺得應(yīng)用PMMA材料或者其他可吸收的材料來打印抗生素藥劑是否具有可行性？’”

From that point, the technology evolved and has become a highly innovative approach to overcoming many of the limitations encountered in current drug delivery systems. Most of today’s antibiotic implants, or “beads,” are made out of bone cements which have to be hand-mixed by a surgeon during a surgical procedure and contain toxic carcinogenic substances. These beads, which are actually a type of Plexiglas, do not break down in the body and require additional surgery for removal. Weisman and his team’s custom 3D print filaments can be made of bioplastics which can be resorbed by the body to avoid the need for additional surgery.

從那一刻開始，這項技術(shù)逐步形成并且開創(chuàng)性地解決了許多藥物傳輸領(lǐng)域所遇到的問題。目前，大多數(shù)水凝膠微球或抗生素埋植劑都是以水泥骨為原料來制造出來的。這種微球必須由外科醫(yī)生在手術(shù)過程中人工混合，并且含有致癌物質(zhì)。這種微球?qū)嶋H上是一種樹脂玻璃，它們在人體中不能降解，需要額外的手術(shù)進(jìn)行移除。而用3D打印技術(shù)制造出的絲狀物可以被用來制成可被人體吸收，無需額外手術(shù)取出的生物塑料。

The nature of the 3D printing process developed at Louisiana Tech allows for the creation of partially hollow beads that provide for a greater surface area and increased drug delivery and control. Localized treatment with the 3D printed antibiotic beads also avoids large systemic drug dosages that are toxic and can cause damage to a patient’s liver and kidneys.

路易安納州理工大學(xué)發(fā)展的3D打印技術(shù)著眼于提高鏤空微球的表面性質(zhì)及藥物傳輸與控制能力。這種通過3D打印微球的局部治療的方法可以避免過量用藥所帶來的毒性，減輕肝臟、腎臟的負(fù)荷。

“Currently, embedding of additives in plastic requires industrial-scale facilities to ensure proper dispersion throughout the extruded plastic,” explains Mills. “Our method enables dispersion on a tabletop scale, allowing researchers to easily customize additives to the desired levels. There are not even any industrial processes for antibiotics or special drug delivery as injection molding currently focuses more on colorants and cosmetic properties.”

“目前，在塑料中植入附加物還需要一些專門的工業(yè)化生產(chǎn)設(shè)備以保證添加物彌散地分布在塑料基體中，”米爾斯解釋道�！拔覀兊姆椒ㄔ谝欢ǚ秶鷥�(nèi)允許研究人員自由定制添加物的加入量。目前，甚至沒有任何抗生素的工業(yè)生產(chǎn)過程及特定藥物傳輸器具的方法能像注塑法一樣更多的關(guān)注藥物的均勻分布�！�

“It is truly novel and a worldwide first to be 3D printing custom devices with antibiotics and chemotherapeutics.”

“這真的是傳統(tǒng)3D打印技術(shù)在制造抗生素及化療藥物領(lǐng)域的一個創(chuàng)舉。”

The team said the environment at Louisiana Tech played a large role in this project making the progress it has, in a relatively short period of time. “The project has been able to advance to this point because of the support of and easy access to interdisciplinary facilities and outstanding faculty such as Drs. Mills, Wilson and [Dr. Mark] DeCoster,” said Weisman. “They and their labs have been crucial in taking cell culture and chemotherapeutic related aspects of this project to the next level.”

科研團(tuán)隊認(rèn)為路易安納州理工大學(xué)優(yōu)良的科研環(huán)境在這個項目中扮演了重要角色，它使得這個項目能夠在極短的時間里便取得了較大的成就。“這個項目之所以會取得進(jìn)步正是由于這一點(diǎn)，因為在這里我們可以得到跨學(xué)科的設(shè)備以及優(yōu)秀人才的支持，像米爾斯、威爾遜以及德科斯泰，”威斯曼說�！八麄円约八麄儗嶒炇以诩�(xì)胞學(xué)及化療技術(shù)方面把這項計劃推向了一個新的高度�！�

“It is important to continue support of this research and to help bring Louisiana Tech to the forefront of rapid prototyping designs that will have impacts on a national scale.”

“這個成果對該項研究的持續(xù)發(fā)展以及保持路易安納州理工大學(xué)在快速原型設(shè)計方面的領(lǐng)先地位很重要，這將產(chǎn)生國家層面的巨大影響力。”

相關(guān)單詞：

implant          埋植劑

bead                珠

antibacterial    抗菌的

antibiotics       抗生素

filament          長絲；絲狀體；單纖維

extruder          擠壓機(jī)

catheter          導(dǎo)管

prototyping    原型設(shè)計

biocompatible  不會引起排異的

regiment          大量的人及物

carcinogenic    致癌物質(zhì)

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