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[資源]
劍橋2011年The Cambridge Guide to the Solar System, 2nd ed
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Richly illustrated with full-color images, this book is a comprehensive, up-to-date description of the planets, their moons, and recent exoplanet discoveries. The second edition of this classic reference is brought up-to-date with the fascinating new discoveries made during recent years from 12 new solar system missions. Representative examples include water on the Moon; widespread volcanism on Mercury’s previously unseen half; vast buried glaciers on Mars; geysers on Saturn’s active water moon Enceladus; lakes of methane and ethane on Saturn’s moon Titan; the encounter with asteroid Itokawa; and an encounter and sample return from comet Wild 2. The book is further enhanced by hundreds of striking new images of the planets and moons. Written at an introductory level appropriate for high-school and undergraduate students, it provides fresh insights that appeal to anyone with an interest in planetary science. A website hosted by the author contains all of the images in the book with an overview of their importance. A link to this can be found at www.cambridge.org/solarsystem/. KENNETH R. LANG is a Professor of Astronomy at Tufts University. He is a well-known author and has published 25 books. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the Sun (Cambridge University Press, 2001) was recommended by the Library Journal as one of the best reference books published that year. He has extensive teaching experience, and has served as a Visiting Senior Scientist at NASA Headquarters. List of focus elements page ix List of tables xi Preface to the second edition xv Preface to the first edition xvii Principal units xxv Part 1 Changing views and fundamental concepts 1 Evolving perspectives: a historical prologue 1 1.1 Moving points of light 3 1.2 Telescopes reveal the hitherto unseen 13 1.3 What holds the solar system together? 23 1.4 Physical properties of the Sun 26 1.5 Terrestrial and giant planets 33 1.6 What is inside the major planets? 34 2 The new close-up view from space 36 2.1 Flybys, orbiters, probes and landers 38 2.2 Impact craters 52 2.3 Volcanism 60 2.4 Water 71 3 Atmospheres, magnetospheres and the solar wind 80 3.1 Fundamentals 82 3.2 Atmospheres of the terrestrial planets 87 3.3 Atmospheres of the giant planets 93 3.4 Titan, a satellite with a substantial atmosphere 96 3.5 The planets are inside the expanding Sun 98 3.6 Magnetized planets and magnetospheres 102 3.7 Aurora 111 Part 2 The inner solar system: rocky worlds 4 Restless Earth: third rock from the Sun 117 4.1 Fundamentals 119 4.2 Journey to the center of the Earth 119 v vi Contents 4.3 Remodeling the Earth’s surface 124 4.4 The Earth’s changing atmosphere 138 4.5 Space weather 151 5 The Earth’s Moon: stepping stone to the planets 158 5.1 Fundamentals 159 5.2 Eclipses of the Moon and Sun 160 5.3 The Moon’s face 163 5.4 Apollo expeditions to the Moon 169 5.5 Inside the Moon 177 5.6 The lunar surface 179 5.7 Return to the Moon 186 5.8 The Moon’s history 188 5.9 Tides and the once and future Moon 191 5.10 Origin of the Moon 196 6 Mercury: a dense battered world 201 6.1 Fundamentals 202 6.2 A tiny world in the glare of sunlight 202 6.3 Space-age investigations of Mercury 203 6.4 Radar probes of Mercury 204 6.5 A modified Moon-like surface 207 6.6 An iron world 214 6.7 A mysterious magnetic field 215 6.8 Einstein and Mercury’s anomalous orbital motion 217 7 Venus: the veiled planet 220 7.1 Fundamentals 221 7.2 Bright, beautiful Venus 221 7.3 Penetrating the clouds of Venus 224 7.4 Unveiling Venus with radar 230 7.5 Volcanic plains on Venus 235 7.6 Highland massifs on Venus 237 7.7 Tectonics on Venus 239 8 Mars: the red planet 247 8.1 Fundamentals 249 8.2 Planet Mars 250 8.3 The space-age odyssey to Mars 252 8.4 The atmosphere, surface conditions and winds of Mars 253 8.5 The polar regions of Mars 259 8.6 Highs and lows on Mars 262 8.7 Flowing water on Mars long ago 266 8.8 Mars is an ice planet 273 8.9 The search for life on Mars 276 8.10 The mysterious moons of Mars 280 Contents vii Part 3 The giant planets, their satellites and their rings: worlds of liquid, ice and gas 9 Jupiter: a giant primitive planet 283 9.1 Fundamentals 285 9.2 Stormy weather on Jupiter 286 9.3 Beneath Jupiter’s clouds 293 9.4 Introduction to the Galilean satellites 296 9.5 Jupiter’s volcanic moon Io 299 9.6 Jupiter’s water moon Europa 305 9.7 Jupiter’s battered moons, Ganymede and Callisto 309 9.8 Jupiter’s mere wisp of a ring 311 10 Saturn: lord of the rings 317 10.1 Fundamentals 319 10.2 Winds and clouds on Saturn 321 10.3 Beneath Saturn’s clouds 324 10.4 The remarkable rings of Saturn 326 10.5 Introduction to Saturn’s moons 335 10.6 Saturn’s active water moon Enceladus 337 10.7 Hidden methane lakes and organic dunes on Saturn’s moon Titan 341 10.8 Alien worlds, distant ring 345 11 Uranus and Neptune 348 11.1 Fundamentals 349 11.2 Storm clouds on the outer giants 351 11.3 Interiors and magnetic fields of Uranus and Neptune 354 11.4 Rings of Uranus and Neptune 355 11.5 The large moons of Uranus and Neptune 358 Part 4 Remnants of creation: small worlds in the solar system 12 Asteroids and meteorites 365 12.1 The orbits of asteroids 367 12.2 Origin of the asteroids 369 12.3 Viewing asteroids from a distance 371 12.4 Spacecraft view asteroids close up 375 12.5 Meteorites 381 13 Colliding worlds 391 13.1 A comet hits Jupiter 392 13.2 Consumed by the Sun 393 13.3 Impacts of asteroids with the Earth 395 13.4 Demise of the dinosaurs 399 13.5 Assessing the risk of death from above 402 13.6 Breaking a date with doomsday 403 viii Contents 14 Comets 408 14.1 Unexpected appearance of comets 410 14.2 The return of comet Halley 411 14.3 Where do comets come from? 413 14.4 Anatomy of a comet 419 14.5 Two comet tails 422 14.6 Spacecraft glimpse the comet nucleus 423 14.7 Rotating comet nucleus 428 14.8 Comet decay and meteor showers 428 15 Beyond Neptune 435 15.1 Pluto: a small frozen world with companions 436 15.2 Small cold worlds in the outer precincts of the planetary system 439 15.3 Edge of the solar system 442 Part 5 Origin of the solar system and extrasolar planets 16 Brave new worlds 445 16.1 How the solar system came into being 446 16.2 Newborn stars with planet-forming disks 448 16.3 The plurality of worlds 449 16.4 The first discoveries of exoplanets 451 16.5 Hundreds of new worlds circling nearby stars 455 16.6 Searching for habitable planets 457 Author index 461 Subject index 463 |
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