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通過(guò)增大復(fù)雜度來(lái)控制納米晶體生長(zhǎng)的高度對(duì)稱性評(píng)論
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通過(guò)增大復(fù)雜度來(lái)控制納米晶體生長(zhǎng)的高度對(duì)稱性 Accurate control in the ultimate nanocrystal morphology often requires separation of the nucleation and growth stages, in such a way that nucleation is completed before growth starts and no new nuclei are formed during the growth stage 精確控制納米晶體形貌要求將成核和生長(zhǎng)兩個(gè)階段分離,控制晶體成核完全之后 在進(jìn)入晶體生長(zhǎng),而在晶體生長(zhǎng)階段,則不再結(jié)核。 In the latter case, confinement leads to splitting of valence and conduction bands into discrete electronic states, while the energy gap between the HOMO and the LUMO increases when decreasing nanocrystal size. 在半導(dǎo)體材料中,空間限制分裂導(dǎo)帶和價(jià)帶成為離散的電子能級(jí)態(tài),并且隨著納米尺寸的減小 HOMO與LOMO軌道間能進(jìn)增大。 The ideas behind inducing directional growth are mainly based on three concepts, namely anisotropic templates, facetspecific adsorption, and growth kinetics. 控制生長(zhǎng)主要基于三個(gè)概念:各向異性模板,晶面特異性吸附,生長(zhǎng)動(dòng)力學(xué) Recent examples demonstrate that not only the adsorption of surfactants is relevant but also other moieties present in solution such as counterions and foreign metal ions. 最新研究表明,不僅僅是表面活性劑的吸附起作用,而且溶液中對(duì)應(yīng)共存成分,例如 陽(yáng)離子和外來(lái)的金屬離子都能夠起到控制作用。 growth kinetics is usually determined by the nature of the precursors and thus of the reactions involved in the formation of the material forming the crystal, but also by the presence of catalysts which can affect such reactions 生長(zhǎng)動(dòng)力學(xué)則偶反應(yīng)物前體的性質(zhì)決定,同時(shí)也跟存在的催化劑有關(guān) It is important to realize that in seeded growth methods the seeds typically play a double role, that of nucleation centers and that of catalysts, so that growth originates exclusively at the existing nuclei. This feature is particularly attractive in the case of metals because metal seeds can catalyze the reduction of additional metal salts when weak reducing agents are employed. 晶體種子可同時(shí)作為結(jié)核中心和催化劑催化晶體生長(zhǎng)。例如,金屬結(jié)核能夠在弱還原劑存在條件下催化 還原外加金屬鹽 should remain open minded toward the endless possibilities which application of traditional chemistry concepts can deliver to the wide field of nanocrystal synthesis. 傳統(tǒng)化學(xué)原則能夠帶領(lǐng)我們進(jìn)入一個(gè)更加寬廣納米合成領(lǐng)域的無(wú)限可能性,我們應(yīng)該保持開(kāi)放的態(tài)度。 |
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