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hellen7256

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The permeate mass at each time interval was collected using liquid-nitrogen traps in the pervaporation test apparatus. Additionally, at each time interval, the feed and permeate were sampled, and the selectivity was determined by measuring the ion % rejection (Ri), i.e., the ratio of the ion concentration in the permeate to that in the feed, using the following equation:
where Ci,F and Ci,P are the concentrations of solute i in the feed and permeate, respectively. For comparative purposes, pervaporation tests with various membrane thicknesses were conducted for pure water using self-supporting NaA membranes. Additionally, the water fluxes in the NaCl solutions were investigated.
The preliminary results from the desalination experiments using the self-supporting NaA membrane were the following: for a feed of 3.5 mass % of a NaCl solution at 25ºC, the water fluxes changed from 0.42 to 4.74 kg m-2 h-1 when the membrane thickness was decreased from 9.4 mm to 2 mm. The Na ion % rejection increased when the membrane thickness was increased. If the membrane thickness exceeds 9.4 mm, the Na ion % rejection exceeds 99.5%, and a lower water flux of 0.42 kg m-2 h-1 was obtained, as shown in Fig. 6. It might also be noted that the membranes with a smaller thickness do not perform well under a high feed pressure. In addition, the study showed that the PV temperature (<90 ºC) did not influence the Na ion % rejection of this self-supporting zeolite membrane.

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hellen7256: 金幣+30, 翻譯EPI+1, ★★★★★最佳答案 2015-06-18 15:14:34

在全蒸發(fā)實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置中每個(gè)時(shí)間間隔透過(guò)的物質(zhì)用液氮冷阱收集。此外，在每個(gè)時(shí)間間隔對(duì)填料和透過(guò)物采樣，通過(guò)測(cè)定離子%排除率（Ri)來(lái)確定選擇性,例如透過(guò)物與填料中離子濃度之比，用下式計(jì)算：
其中Ci,F 和 Ci,P分別是填料和透過(guò)物中溶質(zhì)的濃度。為了比較，用自身支持的NaA膜的各種厚度對(duì)純水做了全蒸發(fā)實(shí)驗(yàn)。還測(cè)定了NaCl 溶液中的水流量。
用自身支持的NaA膜做的脫鹽實(shí)驗(yàn)初步結(jié)果如下：在25攝氏度，以3.5%NaCl溶液為填料，在膜厚度由9.4 mm 減為2 mm 時(shí)水流量由0.42 變?yōu)?4.74 kg/平方米/小時(shí)。Na離子%排除率隨膜厚度增加而增加。如果膜厚度超過(guò)9.4 mm，Na離子%排除率超過(guò)99.5%，但水流量較低，達(dá)0.42kg/平方米/小時(shí)，如圖6所示。也值得注意的是，在高填料壓力下較小的膜厚度運(yùn)行不那么理想。此外，研究表明PV溫度（<90攝氏度）不影響這種自身支持沸石膜的Na離子%排除率。

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