 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
||
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
| 5 | 1/1 | 返回列表 |
| 查看: 976 | 回復(fù): 6 | ||
| 當(dāng)前只顯示滿足指定條件的回帖，點(diǎn)擊這里查看本話題的所有回帖 | ||
鯊魚999木蟲 (小有名氣)
|
[求助]
論文翻譯
|
|
|
1 The microbiota, and the genes that comprise its microbiome, play key roles in human health. Host-microbe interactions affect immunity, metabolism, development, and behavior, and dysbiosis of gut bacteria contributes to disease. Despite advances in correlating changes in the microbiota with various conditions, specific mechanisms of host-microbiota signaling remain largely elusive. We discuss the synthesis of microbial metabolites , their absorption, and potential physiological effects on the host. We propose that the effects of specialized metabolites may explain present knowledge gaps in linking the gut microbiota to biological host mechanisms during initial colonization, and in health and disease. 2 In the human body, microbial cells outnumber eukaryotic cells by as many as ten to one (Savage, 1977) and contribute two orders of magnitude more genes to the hologenome (Gill et al., 2006; Turnbaugh et al., 2007). Their significance to host health and disease is thus unsurprising, although it was long overlooked. The bacterial metagenome contributes to production of primary metabolites and conversion of small molecules into secondary metabolites, also called "specialized metabolites." Products of bacterial metabolism are believed to modulate human health in many ways (Hooper et al., 2012, Blumberg and Powrie, 2012).Crosstalk between microbial and human metabolites influences processes such as nutrient and xenobiotic metabolism (Mauriceet al., 2013), protection against pathogens (Clarke et al., 2010),regulation of the enteric nervous system (Soret et al., 2010), immune regulation (Brestoff and Artis, 2013), resistance against colorectal cancer (Hague et al., 1995; Hinnebusch et al., 2002;Lan et al., 2007; Tang et al., 2011; Nicholson et al., 2012), andcomplex neurological behavior (Hsiao et ai., 2013) and alsoaffect lipid and cholesterol levels in serum (Berggren et al.,1996; Delzenne and Williams, 2002). Metabolic pathways operating in the human body are thus the result of the combined activities of the human genome and microbiome. 3 Diet is important to the microbiota and metabolome, as food is a major source of precursors for metabolite production. Humanized mice fed a polysaccharide-deficient diet differed in both the microbiome and metaboiome from humanized mice on regular chow (Marcobal et al., 2013). Conventionally raised mice fed the same diet were also significantly different from conventional mice fed regular chow or the humanized mice (Marcobal et al.,2013). In humans, both long-term dietary patterns (Ridauraet al., 2013; Wu et al., 2011) and rapid, extreme dietary changes(Levy and Borenstein, 2014) are reflected in the microbial communities and metagenome. In particular, amino acid intake correlates with changes to microbial communities. For example,increased amino acid intake increased the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and changed the metabolome (Ridaura et al.,2013; Wu et al., 2011). Individuals who ate a primarily animal-based diet with little to no fiber for two days showed decreased levels of acetate and butyrate in the gut compared to those who consumed a plant-based diet over the same period (Levy andBorenstein, 2014). |
回復(fù)此樓» 猜你喜歡
一志愿西南交通 專碩 材料355 本科雙非 求調(diào)劑
已經(jīng)有3人回復(fù)
-
295復(fù)試調(diào)劑
已經(jīng)有4人回復(fù)
-
298-一志愿中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)-求調(diào)劑
已經(jīng)有8人回復(fù)
-
材料學(xué)碩297已過四六級求調(diào)劑推薦
已經(jīng)有4人回復(fù)
-
能源材料化學(xué)課題組招收碩士研究生8-10名
已經(jīng)有14人回復(fù)
-
0856調(diào)劑，是學(xué)校就去
已經(jīng)有8人回復(fù)
-
材料080500調(diào)劑求收留
已經(jīng)有5人回復(fù)
-
271材料工程求調(diào)劑
已經(jīng)有7人回復(fù)
-
265求調(diào)劑
已經(jīng)有8人回復(fù)
-
085410人工智能專碩317求調(diào)劑（0854都可以）
已經(jīng)有4人回復(fù)
永遠(yuǎn)一片天
新蟲 (正式寫手)
- 應(yīng)助: 40 (小學(xué)生)
- 金幣: 62.1
- 散金: 10
- 紅花: 13
- 帖子: 422
- 在線: 91.6小時(shí)
- 蟲號: 2295930
- 注冊: 2013-02-23
- 專業(yè): 藥理學(xué)其他科學(xué)問題
3樓2016-03-18 10:42:45
鯊魚999
木蟲 (小有名氣)
- 應(yīng)助: 3 (幼兒園)
- 金幣: 2333.4
- 散金: 120
- 帖子: 239
- 在線: 89.3小時(shí)
- 蟲號: 3081280
- 注冊: 2014-03-23
- 專業(yè): 細(xì)胞信號轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)
2樓2016-03-18 01:04:21
鯊魚999
木蟲 (小有名氣)
- 應(yīng)助: 3 (幼兒園)
- 金幣: 2333.4
- 散金: 120
- 帖子: 239
- 在線: 89.3小時(shí)
- 蟲號: 3081280
- 注冊: 2014-03-23
- 專業(yè): 細(xì)胞信號轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)
4樓2016-03-18 13:33:36
鯊魚999
木蟲 (小有名氣)
- 應(yīng)助: 3 (幼兒園)
- 金幣: 2333.4
- 散金: 120
- 帖子: 239
- 在線: 89.3小時(shí)
- 蟲號: 3081280
- 注冊: 2014-03-23
- 專業(yè): 細(xì)胞信號轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)
5樓2016-03-18 13:34:17
| 最具人氣熱帖推薦 [查看全部] | 作者 | 回/看 | 最后發(fā)表 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
[考研] 085600材料與化工 求調(diào)劑 +17 | enenenhui 2026-03-13 | 18/900 |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
[考研] 317求調(diào)劑 +3 | 申子申申 2026-03-19 | 7/350 |
|
|
|
[考研] 288求調(diào)劑 +15 | 于海海海海 2026-03-19 | 15/750 |
|
|
|
[考研] 266求調(diào)劑 +5 | 陽陽哇塞 2026-03-14 | 10/500 |
|
|
|
[考研] 085600材料與化工求調(diào)劑 +6 | 緒幸與子 2026-03-17 | 6/300 |
|
|
|
[考研] 本科鄭州大學(xué)物理學(xué)院，一志愿華科070200學(xué)碩，346求調(diào)劑 +4 | 我不是一根蔥 2026-03-18 | 4/200 |
|
|
|
[考研] 一志愿華中科技大學(xué)，080502，354分求調(diào)劑 +4 | 守候夕陽CF 2026-03-18 | 4/200 |
|
|
|
[考研] 311求調(diào)劑 +11 | 冬十三 2026-03-15 | 12/600 |
|
|
|
[考研] 070300化學(xué)319求調(diào)劑 +6 | 錦鯉0909 2026-03-17 | 6/300 |
|
|
|
[考研] 302求調(diào)劑 +10 | 呼呼呼。。。。 2026-03-17 | 10/500 |
|
|
|
[考研] 304求調(diào)劑 +12 | 小熊joy 2026-03-14 | 13/650 |
|
|
|
[考研] 材料與化工專碩調(diào)劑 +5 | heming3743 2026-03-16 | 5/250 |
|
|
|
[考研] 302求調(diào)劑 +4 | 小賈同學(xué)123 2026-03-15 | 8/400 |
|
|
|
[考研] 考研調(diào)劑 +3 | 淇ya_~ 2026-03-17 | 5/250 |
|
|
|
[考研] [導(dǎo)師推薦]西南科技大學(xué)國防/材料導(dǎo)師推薦 +3 | 尖角小荷 2026-03-16 | 6/300 |
|
|
|
[考研] 326求調(diào)劑 +4 | 諾貝爾化學(xué)獎(jiǎng)覬?/a> 2026-03-15 | 7/350 |
|
|
|
[考研] 中科院材料273求調(diào)劑 +4 | yzydy 2026-03-15 | 4/200 |
|
|
|
[考研] 0703 物理化學(xué)調(diào)劑 +3 | 我可以上岸的對?/a> 2026-03-13 | 5/250 |
|
|
|
[考研] 080500，材料學(xué)碩302分求調(diào)劑學(xué)校 +4 | 初識可樂 2026-03-14 | 5/250 |
|
|
|
[碩博家園] 085600 260分求調(diào)劑 +3 | 天空還下雨么 2026-03-13 | 5/250 |
|