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[資源] 【資源】［共享］高分子材料加工工程專業(yè)實(shí)驗(yàn)教程

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高分子材料加工工程專業(yè)實(shí)驗(yàn)教程
前言.............................................................................................................................................2
第一章高分子材料加工工程專業(yè)實(shí)驗(yàn)基礎(chǔ)知識.........................................................................6
1.1 原材料特性......................................................................................................................6
1.1.1 塑料特性.......................................................6
1.1.2 化學(xué)藥品特性...................................................9
1.2 試樣制備........................................................................................................................10
1.2.1直接從塑料制品上截取試樣.......................................10
1.2.2直接從樹脂取樣.................................................10
1.2.3直接注塑成型標(biāo)準(zhǔn)試樣...........................................13
1.2.4間接從壓制板材上切取試樣.......................................14
1.3 數(shù)據(jù)處理........................................................................................................................17
1.3.1 測量誤差......................................................17
1.3.2近似數(shù)........................................................17
1.3.3 數(shù)據(jù)分析......................................................18
1.4 影響實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果的因素.....................................................................................................19
1.4.1原材料因素.....................................................19
1.4.2 制樣因素......................................................20
1.4.3 測試條件......................................................20
1.5 安全知識.........................................................................................................................21
1.5.1現(xiàn)場人員意外受到危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品傷害和玻璃劃傷.......................21
1.5.2 火災(zāi)及火傷....................................................21
1.5.3 爆炸..........................................................21
第二章高分子材料成型工藝性能測試.......................................................................................22
2.1 水分...............................................................................................................................22
2.2 密度...............................................................................................................................25
2.2.1材料密度.......................................................25
2.2.2堆砌密度.......................................................28
2.3 塑化性能（轉(zhuǎn)矩流變儀）.............................................................................................30
2.4 熱塑性塑料熔體流動(dòng)性.................................................................................................32
2.4.1 熔體流變曲線..................................................32
2.4.2 熔體流動(dòng)速率..................................................37
2.5 熱固性塑料流動(dòng)性.........................................................................................................39
第三章高分子材料性能測試.......................................................................................................42
3.1 力學(xué)性能........................................................................................................................42
3.1.1 拉伸實(shí)驗(yàn)......................................................42
3.1.2 壓縮實(shí)驗(yàn)......................................................48
3.1.3 彎曲實(shí)驗(yàn)......................................................50
3.1.4 沖擊實(shí)驗(yàn)......................................................53
3.1.5 硬度實(shí)驗(yàn)......................................................65
3.1.5.1邵氏硬度實(shí)驗(yàn)..........................................................................................65
3.1.5.2 球壓痕硬度實(shí)驗(yàn)......................................................................................67
3.1.6 剪切強(qiáng)度實(shí)驗(yàn)..................................................69
3.1.7 直角撕裂強(qiáng)度實(shí)驗(yàn)..............................................71
3.1.8 拉伸蠕變實(shí)驗(yàn)..................................................72
3.2 熱性能............................................................................................................................75
3.2.1 熱導(dǎo)率測定....................................................75
3.2.2 線膨脹系數(shù)測定................................................78
3.2.3 維卡軟化點(diǎn)測定................................................81
3.2.4 熱變形溫度測定................................................82
3.3 電性能............................................................................................................................85
3.3.1 擊穿強(qiáng)度和耐電壓實(shí)驗(yàn)..........................................85
3.3.2 介電系數(shù)和介電損耗角正切測定..................................89
3.3.3 體積電阻系數(shù)和表面電阻系數(shù)測定................................92
3.4 燃燒性能........................................................................................................................97
3.4.1 氧指數(shù)測定....................................................97
3.4.2 水平燃燒和垂直燃燒實(shí)驗(yàn)........................................103
3.4.3 煙密度測定...................................................110
3.5 光學(xué)性能...................................................................................................................... 113
3.5.1 熱臺(tái)偏光顯微觀察聚合物結(jié)晶形態(tài)...............................113
3.5.2 透光率和霧度測定.............................................116
3.5.3 色澤測定.....................................................118
3.6 滲透性能......................................................................................................................121
3.6.1 透氣性測定...................................................121
3.6.2 水蒸汽滲透率測定（杯式法） ...................................125
第四章高分子材料成型加工實(shí)驗(yàn).............................................................................................128
4.1 模壓成型實(shí)驗(yàn)..............................................................................................................128
4.1.1 熱塑性塑料模壓成型...........................................128
4.1.2 熱固性塑料模壓成型...........................................132
4.2 擠出成型實(shí)驗(yàn)..............................................................................................................135
4.2.1 普通聚乙烯管材..............................................135
4.2.2 醫(yī)用高分子導(dǎo)管的成型及性能測試..............................138
4.2.3 異型材......................................................142
4.2.4 單絲........................................................145
4.3 注塑成型實(shí)驗(yàn)..............................................................................................................147
4.3.1 注射機(jī)操作技能實(shí)驗(yàn)............................................147
4.3.2 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)測試試樣.................................................152
4.3.3 精密制品.....................................................156
4.4 中空吹塑成型實(shí)驗(yàn).......................................................................................................158
4.4.1 中空容器.....................................................158
4.4.2 吹塑薄膜.....................................................161
4.5 泡沫塑料成型實(shí)驗(yàn)........................................................................................................164
4.5.1 醫(yī)用聚氨酯泡沫..............................................164
4.5.2 聚乙烯泡沫...................................................171
4.6 熱成型實(shí)驗(yàn)..................................................................................................................176
4.7 塑性溶膠制備及搪塑成型實(shí)驗(yàn)...................................................................................179
4.8 聚醚砜中空纖維的制備及性能測試...........................................................................184
第五章高分子材料成型加工設(shè)備剖析實(shí)驗(yàn).............................................................................189
5.1 注射機(jī)實(shí)驗(yàn)...................................................................................................................189
5.1.1 注射充模流動(dòng)模型實(shí)驗(yàn)..........................................189
5.1.2 注射機(jī)注射特性參數(shù)測定........................................191
5.1.3 注射機(jī)塑化特性參數(shù)測定........................................194
5.1.4 注射機(jī)鎖模力測定..............................................197
5.1.5 注射模具型腔壓力測定..........................................205
5.1.6 注射模具溫度分布測定.........................................208
5.2 擠出機(jī)實(shí)驗(yàn)................................................................................................................... 211
5.2.1擠出機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速－產(chǎn)量－功率測定....................................211
5.2.2擠出機(jī)口模特性曲線測定........................................213
5.2.3擠出機(jī)螺桿特性曲線測定........................................214
第六章高分子材料成型模具組裝實(shí)驗(yàn).....................................................................................216
附表1 ..........................................................................................................................................218
附表2 ..........................................................................................................................................219
附表3 ..........................................................................................................................................220
塑料及樹脂縮寫代碼....................................................................................錯(cuò)誤！未定義書簽。
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[資源] 【資源】［共享］高分子材料加工工程專業(yè)實(shí)驗(yàn)教程

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