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liuxingxp木蟲(chóng) (著名寫(xiě)手)
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[資源]
【資源】關(guān)于能夠抵御所有抗生素的超級(jí)病菌的柳葉刀論文,新鮮送上
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Emergence of a new antibiotic resistance mechanism in India, Pakistan, and the UK: a molecular, biological, and epidemiological study Summary Background Gram-negative Enterobacteriaceae with resistance to carbapenem conferred by New Delhi metallo-β- lactamase 1 (NDM-1) are potentially a major global health problem. We investigated the prevalence of NDM-1, in multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in India, Pakistan, and the UK. Methods Enterobacteriaceae isolates were studied from two major centres in India—Chennai (south India), Haryana (north India)—and those referred to the UK’s national reference laboratory. Antibiotic susceptibilities were assessed, and the presence of the carbapenem resistance gene blaNDM-1 was established by PCR. Isolates were typed by pulsed-fi eld gel electrophoresis of XbaI-restricted genomic DNA. Plasmids were analysed by S1 nuclease digestion and PCR typing. Case data for UK patients were reviewed for evidence of travel and recent admission to hospitals in India or Pakistan. Findings We identifi ed 44 isolates with NDM-1 in Chennai, 26 in Haryana, 37 in the UK, and 73 in other sites in India and Pakistan. NDM-1 was mostly found among Escherichia coli (36) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (111), which were highly resistant to all antibiotics except to tigecycline and colistin. K pneumoniae isolates from Haryana were clonal but NDM-1 producers from the UK and Chennai were clonally diverse. Most isolates carried the NDM-1 gene on plasmids: those from UK and Chennai were readily transferable whereas those from Haryana were not conjugative. Many of the UK NDM-1 positive patients had travelled to India or Pakistan within the past year, or had links with these countries. Interpretation The potential of NDM-1 to be a worldwide public health problem is great, and co-ordinated international surveillance is needed. Funding European Union, Wellcome Trust, and Wyeth. 全文下載地址 http://www.91box.net/?B60NOMJHOWETK6YA7ECW [ Last edited by liuxingxp on 2010-8-12 at 20:31 ] |
木蟲(chóng) (正式寫(xiě)手)
木蟲(chóng) (著名寫(xiě)手)
金蟲(chóng) (正式寫(xiě)手)
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我個(gè)人對(duì)此問(wèn)題的認(rèn)識(shí)是以下三點(diǎn): 抗生素濫用是外部原因,而非臨床環(huán)境中存在著耐藥基因才是內(nèi)因。此外,目前超級(jí)細(xì)菌無(wú)藥可治,也凸顯了抗生素研發(fā)的不足。 關(guān)于此三點(diǎn)詳細(xì)論述,請(qǐng)參考 前幾天發(fā)的兩篇科技評(píng)述。 南方周末 http://www.infzm.com/content/49096 科技日?qǐng)?bào) http://www.stdaily.com/kjrb/content/2010-08/19/content_220405.htm 希望戰(zhàn)友,批評(píng)指導(dǎo) 說(shuō)的有道理,請(qǐng)投票。謝謝 |
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弗萊明發(fā)現(xiàn)青霉素后,人類(lèi)曾以為找到對(duì)付病原菌的利器。但是,隨著耐藥菌的不斷出現(xiàn),有人甚至悲觀地認(rèn)為,抗生素時(shí)代終究會(huì)被耐藥菌的出現(xiàn)所終結(jié)。地球上微生物的種類(lèi)大于其他所有的物種數(shù)目之和,而人類(lèi)自身攜帶的細(xì)菌數(shù)目,又遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)其所有的細(xì)胞。生物學(xué)家不禁感嘆:人類(lèi)可能只是外來(lái)生物,而微生物才是地球的主人。 2008年《科學(xué)》雜志在“細(xì)菌的反擊”一文中曾這樣描述:1943年青霉素大規(guī)模使用,1945年院內(nèi)感染的20%金黃色葡球菌對(duì)其產(chǎn)生抗性;1947年鏈霉菌素上市,同年該藥耐藥菌出現(xiàn);1952年四環(huán)菌素上市,1956年其耐藥菌出現(xiàn);1959年甲氧西林上市,1961年其耐藥菌出現(xiàn);1964年頭孢噻吩上市,1966年其耐藥菌出現(xiàn);1967年慶大霉素上市,1970年其耐藥菌出現(xiàn);1981年頭孢噻肟上市,1983年其耐藥菌出現(xiàn);1996年,發(fā)現(xiàn)萬(wàn)古霉素耐藥菌;2001年利奈唑胺上市,2002年其耐藥菌出現(xiàn)。此后數(shù)年里,僅有達(dá)托霉素等寥寥數(shù)種新型抗生素問(wèn)世。 以上摘自我寫(xiě)的一篇科學(xué)評(píng)述“耐藥病原菌的肆虐與抗藥基因的產(chǎn)生(刊于南方周末)http://www.infzm.com/content/49096 |
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