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cxlandqyp金蟲 (初入文壇)
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[求助]
[英譯中] 摘要翻譯(毒理、生態(tài))
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Pollutants affect development in nestling starlings Sturnus vulgaris Keywords:endocrine disruption;nestlings;oestrogens;parental care;pollution;sewage;starlings;Sturnus vulgaris;xenoestrogens Summary 1.?Pollutants as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are of worldwide concern, due to their detrimental effects on the physiology and behaviour of wildlife. One major source of EDCs is sewage treatment works which serve as foraging grounds for many bird species. However, the risks of consuming EDCs to wild birds at these sites have been largely overlooked. 2.?We have previously quantified contamination levels of invertebrates from within filter beds of sewage treatment works and the intake rates of these invertebrates by wild European starlings feeding at these sites. Our work to date has shown that environmentally-relevant EDC exposure results in reduced immunocompetence, increased song behaviour and neural development in adult starlings. 3.?In the present study, we hypothesized that nestling starlings exposed to similar EDC levels from contaminated prey, from parental feeding at sewage treatment works, would show altered growth and physiology. 4.?Our findings show that EDC exposure results in reduced growth and immunocompetence in nestling birds. However, there was no effect on corticosterone or haematocrit levels. As growth rates and immunocompetence are likely to be related to survival rates, we suggest that these exposure levels are likely to adversely affect recruitment into the adult population. 5.?Synthesis and applications. These results highlight the potential transfer of EDCs between semi-aquatic or aquatic organisms and terrestrial organisms up the food chain at sites of sewage treatment works, broadening the scope of potential routes of exposure. Our findings suggest that birds foraging in these sites are at risk of physiological manipulation from EDCs and reduced body condition as a result. We advocate further work to evaluate the potential for EDCs from sewage treatment works to bioaccumulate and modulate the condition of wild organisms feeding on contaminated prey. Our results suggest that changes in management practices of sewage treatment works are required. We support measures to reduce EDC levels in sewage treatment works and that these sites should be designed to exclude or deter wildlife from foraging on contaminated prey. The management implications of such policy – oriented steps will ensure the health of wildlife foraging at sewage treatment works. [ Last edited by cxlandqyp on 2011-4-30 at 04:21 ] |
銅蟲 (小有名氣)
銅蟲 (小有名氣)
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污染物對小椋鳥發(fā)育的影響 關(guān)鍵詞:內(nèi)分泌干擾;雛鳥,雌激素;父母照顧,污染物,污水,掠鳥, 椋鳥屬, 外源性雌激素 總結(jié): 1.由于對野生動物的生理和行為有不利影響,那些內(nèi)分泌干擾類污染物收到世界范圍的關(guān)注。這類污染物的主要來源就是污水處理廠,應(yīng)為許多種鳥類在這些地方覓食。然而野生鳥類在這些地方攝入內(nèi)分泌干擾類污染物的風(fēng)險在很大程度上被忽視了。 |
銅蟲 (小有名氣)
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3,在本研究中我們假雛鳥從獵物體中攝入的污染物量和從父母喂養(yǎng)的食物中攝入的量一樣,這都會對雛鳥的生長及生理有很大影響。 4,我們的研究表明暴露在環(huán)境中的此類污染物對雛鳥的生長和免疫力都有影響。但是對皮質(zhì)酮和血細(xì)胞沒有影響。由于生長率和免疫力是和存活率相關(guān)的,所以我們此類污染物會對種群數(shù)量產(chǎn)生不利影響。 5.合成和應(yīng)用。本研究強(qiáng)調(diào)了在污水處理廠由水生及半水生動物與陸生動物經(jīng)食物鏈傳遞污染物的潛在途徑,同時這也擴(kuò)大了潛在的污染范圍。研究結(jié)果表明在這些地方覓食的鳥類有被內(nèi)分泌干擾類物污染的風(fēng)險,這些污染物會削弱鳥類的體質(zhì)。我們打算做進(jìn)一步的研究,去評估污水處理廠的污染物在鳥類體內(nèi)的生物性富集及對鳥類體質(zhì)的影響。結(jié)果證實(shí),污水處理廠的工程管理模式需要改變,建議污水處理廠應(yīng)該驅(qū)逐并阻止野生動物去含污染物的地方覓食。這樣就可以通過阻止野生動物去污水處理廠覓食來保護(hù)野生動物的健康。 |
銅蟲 (小有名氣)
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再改改,總結(jié)如下: 污染物對雛鳥發(fā)育的影響 關(guān)鍵詞:內(nèi)分泌干擾;雛鳥,雌激素;父母照顧,污染物,污水,掠鳥, 椋鳥屬, 外源性雌激素 總結(jié): 1.內(nèi)分泌干擾類污染物由于會對野生動物的生理和行為有不利影響受到世界范圍的關(guān)注。這類污染物的主要來源就是污水處理廠,應(yīng)為許多種鳥類在這些地方覓食。然而野生鳥類在這些地方攝入內(nèi)分泌干擾類污染物的風(fēng)險在很大程度上被忽視了。 2.我們已經(jīng)定量研究了裝備有慮床的污水處理廠對非脊椎動物的污染程度,同時也定量研究了歐洲椋鳥對此類污染物的攝入量。我們的研究結(jié)果表明,暴露在環(huán)境中的此類污染物可以降低椋鳥的免疫力,增加椋鳥的鳴叫行為,同時促使幼鳥加快發(fā)育到成熟階段。 3,在本研究中我們假設(shè)雛鳥從獵物體中攝入的污染物量和從父母喂養(yǎng)的食物中攝入的量一樣,都會對雛鳥的生長及生理有很大影響。 4,我們的研究表明暴露在環(huán)境中的此類污染物對雛鳥的生長和免疫力都有影響。但是對皮質(zhì)酮和血細(xì)胞沒有影響。由于生長率和免疫力是和存活率相關(guān)的,所以我們認(rèn)為此類污染物會對種群數(shù)量產(chǎn)生不利影響。 5.合成和應(yīng)用。本研究強(qiáng)調(diào)了在污水處理廠由水生及半水生動物與陸生動物經(jīng)食物鏈傳遞污染物的潛在途徑,同時這也擴(kuò)大了潛在的污染范圍。研究結(jié)果表明在這些地方覓食的鳥類存在被內(nèi)分泌干擾類物污染的風(fēng)險,這些污染物會削弱鳥類的體質(zhì)。我們打算做進(jìn)一步的研究,去評估污水處理廠的污染物在鳥類體內(nèi)的生物性富集及對鳥類體質(zhì)的影響。結(jié)果證實(shí),污水處理廠的工程管理模式需要改變,我們建議污水處理廠應(yīng)該驅(qū)逐并阻止野生動物去含污染物的地方覓食。這樣就可以通過阻止野生動物去污水處理廠覓食來保護(hù)野生動物的健康。 |
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