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| The resilience perspective is increasingly used as an approach for understanding the dynamics of social–ecological systems. This article presents the origin of the resilience perspective and provides an overview of its development to date. With roots in one branch of ecology and the discovery of multiple basins of attraction in ecosystems in the 1960–1970s, it inspired social and environmental scientists to challenge the dominant stable equilibrium view. The resilience approach emphasizes non-linear dynamics, thresholds, uncertainty and surprise, how periods of gradual change interplay with periods of rapid change and how such dynamics interact across temporal and spatial scales. The history was dominated by empirical observations of ecosystem dynamics interpreted in mathematical models, developing into the adaptive management approach for responding to ecosystem change. Serious attempts to integrate the social dimension is currently taking place in resilience work reflected in the large numbers of sciences involved in explorative studies and new discoveries of linked social–ecological systems. Recent advances include understanding of social processes like, social learning and social memory, mental models and knowledge–system integration, visioning and scenario building, leadership, agents and actor groups, social networks, institutional and organizational inertia and change, adaptive capacity, transformability and systems of adaptive governance that allow for management of essential ecosystem services. |
金蟲 (著名寫手)
| The resilience perspective is increasingly used as an approach for understanding the dynamics of social–ecological systems. This article presents the origin of the resilience perspective and provides an overview of its development to date. (人們)越來越多地使用彈性理論(觀點)作為了解社會–生態(tài)系統(tǒng)動態(tài)變化的一個辦法。本文介紹這種方法的以及全面的概述了它至今發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀。With roots in one branch of ecology and the discovery of multiple basins of attraction in ecosystems in the 1960–1970s, it inspired social and environmental scientists to challenge the dominant stable equilibrium view. 植根于生態(tài)學(xué)的分支以及受1960–1970發(fā)現(xiàn)多個盆地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的吸引,它激發(fā)了社會和環(huán)境科學(xué)家去挑戰(zhàn)處于主導(dǎo)低位的穩(wěn)定平衡觀。The resilience approach emphasizes non-linear dynamics, thresholds, uncertainty and surprise, how periods of gradual change interplay with periods of rapid change and how such dynamics interact across temporal and spatial scales. 彈性方法強調(diào)非線性動力學(xué),閾值,不確定性和意外,逐漸變化階段(時期)與快速變化階段(時期)如何相互作用,這種時間和空間尺度的動態(tài)互動方式。 |
金蟲 (著名寫手)
| The history was dominated by empirical observations of ecosystem dynamics interpreted in mathematical models, developing into the adaptive management approach for responding to ecosystem change. 歷史上的主流是從用數(shù)學(xué)模型解釋實的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)動觀察到的動態(tài)變化,發(fā)展到自適應(yīng)管理辦法應(yīng)對生態(tài)系統(tǒng)變化。Serious attempts to integrate the social dimension is currently taking place in resilience work reflected in the large numbers of sciences involved in explorative studies and new discoveries of linked social–ecological systems. 目前在彈性工作主要進行的是試圖正式整合社會層面,它反映在大量科學(xué)家參與探索性研究和相關(guān)的社會–生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的新發(fā)現(xiàn)。Recent advances include understanding of social processes like, social learning and social memory, mental models and knowledge–system integration, visioning and scenario building, leadership, agents and actor groups, social networks, institutional and organizational inertia and change, adaptive capacity, transformability and systems of adaptive governance that allow for management of essential ecosystem services.最近的進展包括社會進程的了解,社會性學(xué)習(xí)和社會性記憶,心理模型和知識–系統(tǒng)集成,遠(yuǎn)景規(guī)劃和建設(shè),領(lǐng)導(dǎo),經(jīng)紀(jì)人和演員群體,社會網(wǎng)絡(luò),制度與組織的慣性和變化,適應(yīng)能力,可變換性和系統(tǒng)進行生態(tài)系統(tǒng)基本服務(wù)的自適應(yīng)管理。 |
金蟲 (著名寫手)
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