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子時至尊木蟲 (著名寫手)
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[求助]
（急）幾段期刊論文翻譯��！
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Freezing processes Two freezing processeswere applied: air-blast freezing (conventional method) was performed in a pilot freezer (Servathin, Poissy, France) at −30 °C using an air speed 4 m/s, during 2 h (AF samples); pressure shift freezing (PSF samples) was carried out in a 3.5 L reactor unit (ACB Pressure Systems, Nantes, France) equipped with temperature and pressure regulator device. The temperature of the transmittingmedium (ethanol/water 50/50 %v/v) was maintained at −18 °C. Samples were placed in the vessel and the pressurewas increased to 200 MPa at a rate of 3 MPa/s.When the temperature of samples reached−18 °C, pressure was rapidly released (2 s) to initiate the nucleation process. After depressurization, samples were left in the vessel for completion of the freezing under atmospheric conditions. Microstructure analysis Small pieces (approximately 5×5×10mm) were cut transversally to the fibers of frozen muscle inside a chamber at −20 °C. The isothermal freeze substitution technique (Martino & Zaritzky, 1986) was carried out with some modifications in these samples to visualize the size and location of the ice crystals. Pieces (3 pieces/sample, 2 samples/system) were placed in a fixative solution at −20 °C (Carnoy solution: 60% ethanol absolute, 30% chloroform, and 30% glacial acetic acid). In the case of unfrozen samples (F), cuts and fixation were performed in a chamber at 5 °C. After fixation (24–48 h), samples were brought to room temperature, dehydrated with ethanol absolute (2 h), ethanol:toluene (50:50 %v/v) overnight and treated with toluene (4– 5 h). Dehydrated samples were consecutively immersed in toluene/ paraffin solutions of increasing paraffin concentration at 60 °C (1 h each) and in paraffin pure (2 h). Finally, samples were embedded in paraffin in small molds. Ten μm thick sections (4 sections/piece) were obtainedwith amicrotome (SM-2000-R, LeicaMicrosystems, Bensheim, Germany) and fixed to glass plates with glycerin albumin inwater (1/ 25 v/v), heating at 57 °C to melting the paraffin. After paraffin removing (toluene, twice, 10 min), solvent elimination (ethanol absolute) and rehydration (ethanol:water and pure water), sections were stained. First, samples were treated for 2 min with Orange G (0.5 g Orange G, 1 ml acetic acid, 99 ml distilled water, filtered at 0.45 μm), which stained muscle proteins orange. After washing with distilled water, a second staining with Aniline blue for 2 min (0.01 g Aniline blue, 1 ml acetic acid, 99 ml distilled water, filtered at 0.45 μm) was performed (for collagen staining) (Chéret, Chapleau, Delbarre-Ladrat, Verrez-Bagnis & Lamballerie, 2006). Stained sections were mounted with Eukitt (Labonord, France). Observations were carried out in a microscope (Leica DML, Germany) equipped with a CCD RGB camera (MACC-C71, Sony, Japan). |
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1234liang
木蟲 (正式寫手)
- 翻譯EPI: 1
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- 專業(yè): 金屬功能材料
【答案】應助回帖
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
子時: 金幣+20, ★★★很有幫助, 非常感謝~~ 2012-10-21 22:31:42
Carena: 金幣+1, 感謝應助，歡迎常來~ 2012-10-22 12:42:47
子時: 金幣+20, ★★★很有幫助, 非常感謝~~ 2012-10-21 22:31:42
Carena: 金幣+1, 感謝應助，歡迎常來~ 2012-10-22 12:42:47
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好吧！給你翻一下吧！你大致看看！記得給金幣哦！ 微觀結(jié)構(gòu)分析 小片（約5×5 ×10mm的）于-20℃下的腔室內(nèi)部，冷凍肌肉纖維被橫向的切斷。等溫凍結(jié)取代技術（馬蒂諾及Zaritzky 1986 ）在這些樣品中進行了一些修改為了適應可視化的冰晶體的大小和位置。樣品（ 3片/ 樣本，２個/系統(tǒng)）被放置在在-20℃ （卡諾溶液： 60％無水乙醇， 30％氯仿， 30 ％冰乙酸固定液酸）。至于解凍的樣品（F），在一個腔室中進行在5 ℃下削減和固定。樣品固定后（ 24-48小時） ，然后拿至室溫，用無水乙醇（ 2小時） ，乙醇：甲苯（50:50 ％體積/體積）中過夜脫水，并用甲苯（4 - 5小時）處理。連續(xù)脫水的樣品浸漬在甲苯/鏈烷烴的溶液中增加石蠟的濃度，在60℃下（每只1小時） ，并在石蠟中純的（ 2小時） 。最后，將樣品在小型模具中嵌入石蠟。 10微米厚的部分是從顯微鏡下觀察到的 （ SM-2000 -R ， Leica Microsystems ，本斯海姆，德國） （4節(jié)/件）并且，固定在玻璃板與甘油白蛋白水中（ 1/25 V / V） ，加熱到57°C熔化的石蠟。石蠟去除后（甲苯，兩次，10分鐘） ，消除（無水乙醇）和補液溶劑（乙醇：水和純凈水） ，切片進行染色。首先，樣品用Orange G（ G， 0.5克橙1毫升醋酸，99毫升蒸餾水，過濾0.45微米）前處理２分鐘，把肌肉蛋白質(zhì)染色成橙色，持續(xù)2分鐘。用蒸餾水洗滌后， 在用苯胺藍（0.01克苯胺藍， 1毫升乙酸，99毫升蒸餾水中，在0.45微米的過濾）進行了染色２分鐘（膠原染色） ， （ Chéret ，普洛， Verrez - Bagnis Lamballerie ， 2006年） 。染色部分被安裝在Eukitt （ Labonord ，法國） 中的顯微鏡（Ｌｅｉｃａ DML，德國）的配備的CCD RGB攝像頭（MACC -C71 ，索尼，日本）下進行了觀察。 |
4樓2012-10-21 20:17:32
1234liang
木蟲 (正式寫手)
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- 專業(yè): 金屬功能材料
【答案】應助回帖
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
愛與雨下: 金幣+1 2012-10-19 21:28:01
子時: 金幣+5, 翻譯EPI+1, ★★★很有幫助, 謝謝 2012-10-19 23:06:16
Carena: 金幣+25, 金幣代發(fā) 2012-11-26 22:52:44
愛與雨下: 金幣+1 2012-10-19 21:28:01
子時: 金幣+5, 翻譯EPI+1, ★★★很有幫助, 謝謝 2012-10-19 23:06:16
Carena: 金幣+25, 金幣代發(fā) 2012-11-26 22:52:44
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冷凍過程 兩個凍結(jié)過程被應用到：空氣鼓風凍結(jié)（常規(guī)方法）使用先進的冷凍器（ Servathin ，法國，Poissy ）在-30℃下使用的空氣速度為4米/秒，約2小時； 壓力移位冷凍（ PSF樣本）在一個3.5升的反應器單元（ACB壓力系統(tǒng)， Nantes，法國）執(zhí)行，配備溫度和壓力調(diào)節(jié)器。轉(zhuǎn)變媒介 （乙醇/水的50 / 50％體積/體積）的溫度保持在-18 ℃。樣品被放置在容器里和壓力 以3兆帕/ s的速率增加到２００兆帕。當樣品溫度達到18 ° C時，壓力在兩秒鐘內(nèi) 迅速釋放開始成核過程。減壓后，將樣品留在容器中，在大氣條件下完成凍結(jié)。 （ ⊙ｏ⊙�。┩厶L了！ |
2樓2012-10-19 21:18:49
子時
至尊木蟲 (著名寫手)
- 應助: 14 (小學生)
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- 性別: GG
- 專業(yè): 食品科學
3樓2012-10-20 18:43:54
xiaoyingwv
鐵蟲 (小有名氣)
- 翻譯EPI: 2
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- 專業(yè): 藥物化學
5樓2012-10-22 15:30:53
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