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2. Simultaneous absorption of H2S and CO2 from gaseous streams into an aqueous MEA solution using a packed bed pilot-scale contactor has been studied theoretically and experimentally. As a first conclusion, the packing size affects the relative absorption (selectivity) of CO2 and H2S in MEA solution as a new proposed structural parameter. Smaller packing size leads to decrease in selectivity of H2S absorption. The results also show that, increasing of total pressure, which helps the diffusion steps in absorption, increases the H2S absorption selectivity and rate. It also could be seen that increasing L/G as a potential for liquid phase events, decreases the H2S absorption selectivity while increases the absolute rate of absorption. It is the same, when amine concentration is increased. Increasing the amine concentration, L/G and decreasing the packing size conceptually means the increase in absorption potential per bed volume which decreases the selectivity.（15 points） 3. Green Chemistry is the design, development, and implementation of chemical products and processes to reduce or eliminate the use and generation of substances hazardous to human health and the environment. Unlike regulatory requirements for pollution prevention, Green Chemistry is an innovative, non-regulatory, economically driven approach toward sustainability. Green Chemistry considers the entire life cycle of chemical processes as an opportunity for design innovation. Rather than regulatory restrictions for controlling hazards, Green Chemistry challenges innovators to design and utilize matter and energy in a way that increases performance and value while protecting human health and the environment.（10points） 4. Diffusivity of chromate was taken from the literature. To test the effect of suspended solids on the rate of diffusion controlled corrosion of the impeller, porcelain particles were used. Particle size ranged from 0.3 to 0.7 mm while particle concentration ranged from 1% to 3% by volume. In order to test the effect of drag reducing polymers on the rate of diffusion controlled corrosion of the impeller, polyethylene oxide (polyox WSR-301) a product of Union Carbide was used in the form of suspension at concentrations of 200, 200, 400 and 500 ppm. The solid polymer powder has a density of 1.15±1.26 g/cm3, particle size ranged from less than 38 mm to larger than 500 mm. The polymer was used as received and no attempt was made to separate different sizes. The chemical stability of the polymer in acidified chromate was tested in separate experiments by adding polyox to acidified chromate solution (blank) for 1 h after which chromate concentration was determined, no change in chromate concentration was found to take place, i.e polyox is chemically stable in the solutions used in the present study. Rheological measurements showed that all polymer containing solutions were Newtonian; polymer addition in the form of solid particles to the blank solution was found to have a negligible effect on the physical properties of the solutions. Table 1 shows the physical properties of the solutions.（20points） 5. A common oxidative coupling reactor design has a fluidized bed, though many other designs are also being considered. In the reactor, methane (CH4) and oxygen react over a catalyst to form water and a methyl radical (CH3). This reaction is called partial oxidation of methane. The methyl radicals combine to form a higher alkane, mostly ethane (C2H6) which dehydrogenates into ethylene (C2H4). The function of the catalysts is to control the activity of oxygen ions so that reactions can be kept on the desired path. Complete oxidation (rapid formation of CO2 before the radicals link up to form ethane and ethylene) is an undesired reaction. The catalysts used are mostly oxides of alkali, alkaline earth and other rare earth metals. Hydrogen and steam are sometimes added to reduce coking on catalysts. After one pass, roughly 80% of the total oxygen feed by mass is consumed. Ideally, 100% is desired since oxygen is difficult to separate and can cause undesired combustion or even explosion. The per-pass ethylene yield on a mass basis of methane is about 30% due to low conversion and poor selectivity to ethylene. （15points） Ⅱ. Translate the following paragraphs into English: 1. 從現(xiàn)代化工和高新技術(shù)發(fā)展的需求出發(fā), 論述了化工分離技術(shù)的重要性、多樣性和復(fù)雜性。分析了化工分離技術(shù)在新世紀(jì)所面臨的新的機遇和挑戰(zhàn)。并對當(dāng)代化工分離技術(shù)的發(fā)展特點和我們的對策進(jìn)行了探討。（10points） 2. 對綠色化工催化劑的研究進(jìn)展進(jìn)行了綜述, 主要介紹了固體酸催化劑、固體堿催化劑和金屬催化劑的研究現(xiàn)狀, 并對其應(yīng)用和發(fā)展前景作了總結(jié)和評述。 關(guān)鍵詞: 綠色化工催化劑; 固體酸催化劑; 固體堿催化劑; 金屬催化劑（10points） |
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liulion2008
木蟲 (小有名氣)
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chubin555: 金幣+20, ★★★★★最佳答案 2014-01-08 20:05:22
chubin555: 金幣+20, ★★★★★最佳答案 2014-01-08 20:05:22
| 3.綠色化學(xué)是從設(shè)計、研發(fā)和生產(chǎn)等多角度同時考慮如何減少和消除能對人身健康和環(huán)境能造成危害的化學(xué)物質(zhì)的產(chǎn)生和使用的工藝過程。與污染防治法律法規(guī)要求不同的是，綠色化學(xué)是一種創(chuàng)新性、經(jīng)濟利益驅(qū)動性和不帶有法律強制性的可持續(xù)發(fā)展概念。綠色化學(xué)把化學(xué)品的整個生命周期作為設(shè)計革新的著眼點。與法律法規(guī)控制有害物質(zhì)的目的不同，綠色化學(xué)在保護(hù)人身健康和環(huán)境的同時，就如何利用物質(zhì)和能源創(chuàng)造更多效能和價值提出新型挑戰(zhàn)。 |
4樓2014-01-08 14:49:45
liulion2008
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感謝參與，應(yīng)助指數(shù) +1
hanches: 金幣+2, 感謝應(yīng)助，BB獎勵~~~ 2014-01-09 08:50:52
感謝參與，應(yīng)助指數(shù) +1
hanches: 金幣+2, 感謝應(yīng)助，BB獎勵~~~ 2014-01-09 08:50:52
| 2. Simultaneous absorption of H2S and CO2 from gaseous streams into an aqueous MEA solution using a packed bed pilot-scale contactor has been studied theoretically and experimentally. As a first conclusion, the packing size affects the relative absorption (selectivity) of CO2 and H2S in MEA solution as a new proposed structural parameter. 使用中試規(guī)模的帶有填料床的吸收器，在MEA水溶液（作為填料）中同時從氣態(tài)蒸氣中吸收硫化氫和二氧化碳的工藝已經(jīng)過理論和實踐研究。第一個結(jié)論是填料床的大小會影響硫化氫和二氧化碳在MEA水溶液中的相對吸收（選擇性）。因此填料床的大小就構(gòu)成影響相對吸收的結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)。 |
2樓2014-01-08 14:01:04
liulion2008
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chubin555: 金幣+20 2014-01-08 20:05:29
chubin555: 金幣+20 2014-01-08 20:05:29
| Smaller packing size leads to decrease in selectivity of H2S absorption. The results also show that, increasing of total pressure, which helps the diffusion steps in absorption, increases the H2S absorption selectivity and rate. It also could be seen that increasing L/G as a potential for liquid phase events, decreases the H2S absorption selectivity while increases the absolute rate of absorption. It is the same, when amine concentration is increased. Increasing the amine concentration, L/G and decreasing the packing size conceptually means the increase in absorption potential per bed volume which decreases the selectivity.縮小填料床的大小會降低硫化氫吸收的選擇性。試驗結(jié)果還顯示，增加氣壓可以改善氣液結(jié)合，從而增加硫化氫的吸收選擇性和速率�？梢灶A(yù)見提升L/G（液氣比）會使吸收選擇性降低，但同時會提升吸收速率。提高M(jìn)EA水溶液的濃度會產(chǎn)生相同的結(jié)果。因此，同時提高M(jìn)EA水溶液的濃度、提升L/G（液氣比）和縮小填料床的大小會提高填料床單位體積的吸收速率，也會降低吸收選擇性。 |
3樓2014-01-08 14:24:19
liulion2008
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chubin555: 金幣+18 2014-01-08 20:05:34
chubin555: 金幣+18 2014-01-08 20:05:34
| 5.通常氧化偶聯(lián)反應(yīng)釜都設(shè)計有一個流化床，雖然其他設(shè)計類型的反應(yīng)釜也逐漸被認(rèn)可。在這種反應(yīng)釜內(nèi)，甲烷和氧氣在催化劑的作用下反應(yīng)生成水和游離甲基。這種反應(yīng)被稱為甲烷的局部氧化反應(yīng)。游離甲基相互結(jié)合生成更高等級烷烴，大多數(shù)乙烷脫氫生成乙烯。催化劑的作用就是控制氧離子的活動，使反應(yīng)按照預(yù)期路線進(jìn)行。完全氧化反應(yīng)（在游離基團(tuán)相互連接形成烷烴和烯烴之前，形成二氧化碳）不是預(yù)期的反應(yīng)路線。常見的催化劑大多數(shù)是堿金屬氧化物、堿土和其他稀土金屬。反應(yīng)過程中經(jīng)常會通入氫氣或水蒸氣以減少催化劑焦化。一輪反應(yīng)之后，按質(zhì)量計算大約80%的氧氣被反應(yīng)消耗掉。理想狀態(tài)是100%的氧氣被消耗，因為殘余氧氣很難從最終產(chǎn)品中分離，還有可能造成燃燒或爆炸。粗略估計，按甲烷的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)計算，乙烯的收率是30%，主要原因是低轉(zhuǎn)化率和（催化劑的）低選擇性。 |
5樓2014-01-08 16:51:54
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