 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
||
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
| 9 | 1/1 | 返回列表 |
| 查看: 907 | 回復: 8 | |||
tzkcarlos銀蟲 (小有名氣)
|
[求助]
自身免疫學翻譯為中文-幾段話，Autoimmunity Reviews 13 (2014) 108–113
|
|
PLA 2 R1 is a type 1 transmembrane receptor that is expressed by podocytes. Besides a short membrane-spanning intracellular domain, the receptor consists of a long extracellular domain with a cysteine-rich head, a fibronectin type II-like repeat domain and eight repeated carbohydrate-recognition domains [22]. PLA 2 R1 is one of four members of the mannose receptor family [23]. All of them have a conserved domain structure and share common characteristics such as constitutive endocytic recycling at the plasma membrane [24] which may provide a constant source of accessible PLA 2 R1 at the podocyte membrane for immune-complex formation [23]. Further more, the receptors exist in both an extended and a bent conformation conferring distinct ligand binding and oligomerization capacities [25]. Since the anti-PLA 2 R1 autoantibodies in patients with pMN only recognize a conformation-dependent target epitope [21], it is assumed that autoantibody-binding might only occur in one of these two configurations. Therefore, pMN might represent an autoimmune conformational disease (‘conformeropathy’), such as Goodpasture syndrome [1]. Although the exact mechanisms causing pMN are still under investigation, different studies show a strong relationship between antibody levels to podocytic proteins and disease activity. Since the discovery of anti-PLA 2 R1 autoantibodies by Beck et al. in 2009, there has been strong evidence that they are a key player in the pathogenesis [21]. For example, autoantibodies to PLA 2 R1 can not only be eluted from kidney tissue of pMN patients, but also colocalize with PLA 2 R1 in the glomeruli [21]. Therefore, it is widely accepted that upon binding of circulating autoantibodies to PLA 2 R1 on podocytes, subepithelial deposits are formed in situ, leading to complement activation and a cascade of events subsequent to the nephrotic syndrome (in most of the cases) [37]. Interestingly, autoantibodies to PLA 2 R1 have shown to be mainly of the IgG4 subclass, which is regarded as being unable to activate the complement pathway [38,39]. Nevertheless, since the terminal complement compo- nent C5b-9 is detectable in glomeruli and urine of pMN patients [40,41], there is strong evidence for the involvement of the complement system. As most patients with MN have low or undetectable levels of C1q, the classical complement pathway can be excluded. Therefore, either the alternative or the lectin pathway seems to be predominantly involved [42]. This hypothesis is supported by the notion, that mannose binding lectin can be detected in glomeruli of MN patients [43]. |
回復此樓» 猜你喜歡
求調(diào)劑一志愿海大，0703化學學碩304分，有大創(chuàng)項目，四級已過
已經(jīng)有9人回復
-
289材料與化工（085600）B區(qū)求調(diào)劑
已經(jīng)有4人回復
-
一志愿武理材料工程348求調(diào)劑
已經(jīng)有6人回復
-
08工科 320總分 求調(diào)劑
已經(jīng)有11人回復
-
一志愿華中農(nóng)業(yè)071010，總分320求調(diào)劑
已經(jīng)有6人回復
-
323求調(diào)劑
已經(jīng)有5人回復
-
284求調(diào)劑
已經(jīng)有5人回復
-
317求調(diào)劑
已經(jīng)有16人回復
-
287求調(diào)劑
已經(jīng)有9人回復
-
求調(diào)劑
已經(jīng)有6人回復
ssssllllnnnn 
至尊木蟲 (知名作家)
Translator and Proofreader
- 翻譯EPI: 1690
- 應(yīng)助: 452 (碩士)
- 金幣: 31580.9
- 紅花: 100
- 帖子: 7681
- 在線: 19966.6小時
- 蟲號: 3328089
- 注冊: 2014-07-17
- 專業(yè): 腫瘤發(fā)生
【答案】應(yīng)助回帖
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
RXMCDM: 金幣+1, 多謝應(yīng)助！ 2014-08-26 00:17:29
tzkcarlos(phu_grassman代發(fā)): 金幣+30, he deserves it. Thanks for your cooperation. 2014-08-26 09:53:38
RXMCDM: 金幣+1, 多謝應(yīng)助！ 2014-08-26 00:17:29
tzkcarlos(phu_grassman代發(fā)): 金幣+30, he deserves it. Thanks for your cooperation. 2014-08-26 09:53:38
本樓樓主要求刪除 我覺得他花了不少時間和心思的，樓主卻一再挑剔，有點過分哦。  英文這種東西畢竟不是咱中國人的，翻譯過來難免變味，我們理工科的學生也不是學文學的，要達到“信、達、雅”也有點難哦。 樓主為何不參照應(yīng)助者提供的信息自己修飾一下呢？  |
2樓2014-08-25 22:24:21
tzkcarlos
銀蟲 (小有名氣)
- 應(yīng)助: 0 (幼兒園)
- 金幣: 163.3
- 帖子: 72
- 在線: 18.3小時
- 蟲號: 783503
- 注冊: 2009-05-31
- 專業(yè): 化學計量學與化學信息學
3樓2014-08-25 23:21:23
ssssllllnnnn
至尊木蟲 (知名作家)
Translator and Proofreader
- 翻譯EPI: 1690
- 應(yīng)助: 452 (碩士)
- 金幣: 31580.9
- 紅花: 100
- 帖子: 7681
- 在線: 19966.6小時
- 蟲號: 3328089
- 注冊: 2014-07-17
- 專業(yè): 腫瘤發(fā)生
4樓2014-08-25 23:36:10
ssssllllnnnn
至尊木蟲 (知名作家)
Translator and Proofreader
- 翻譯EPI: 1690
- 應(yīng)助: 452 (碩士)
- 金幣: 31580.9
- 紅花: 100
- 帖子: 7681
- 在線: 19966.6小時
- 蟲號: 3328089
- 注冊: 2014-07-17
- 專業(yè): 腫瘤發(fā)生
5樓2014-08-25 23:41:37
tzkcarlos
銀蟲 (小有名氣)
- 應(yīng)助: 0 (幼兒園)
- 金幣: 163.3
- 帖子: 72
- 在線: 18.3小時
- 蟲號: 783503
- 注冊: 2009-05-31
- 專業(yè): 化學計量學與化學信息學
6樓2014-08-25 23:50:26
ssssllllnnnn
至尊木蟲 (知名作家)
Translator and Proofreader
- 翻譯EPI: 1690
- 應(yīng)助: 452 (碩士)
- 金幣: 31580.9
- 紅花: 100
- 帖子: 7681
- 在線: 19966.6小時
- 蟲號: 3328089
- 注冊: 2014-07-17
- 專業(yè): 腫瘤發(fā)生
7樓2014-08-25 23:56:53
tzkcarlos
銀蟲 (小有名氣)
- 應(yīng)助: 0 (幼兒園)
- 金幣: 163.3
- 帖子: 72
- 在線: 18.3小時
- 蟲號: 783503
- 注冊: 2009-05-31
- 專業(yè): 化學計量學與化學信息學
8樓2014-08-26 00:00:00
tzkcarlos
銀蟲 (小有名氣)
- 應(yīng)助: 0 (幼兒園)
- 金幣: 163.3
- 帖子: 72
- 在線: 18.3小時
- 蟲號: 783503
- 注冊: 2009-05-31
- 專業(yè): 化學計量學與化學信息學
9樓2014-08-26 10:01:35
相關(guān)版塊跳轉(zhuǎn)
我要訂閱樓主 tzkcarlos 的主題更新
| 9 | 1/1 | 返回列表 |
| 最具人氣熱帖推薦 [查看全部] | 作者 | 回/看 | 最后發(fā)表 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
[考研] 環(huán)境學碩288求調(diào)劑 +6 | 皮皮皮123456 2026-03-22 | 6/300 |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
[考研] 306求調(diào)劑 +5 | 來好運來來來 2026-03-22 | 5/250 |
|
|
|
[考研] 能源材料化學課題組招收碩士研究生8-10名 +5 | 脫穎而出 2026-03-16 | 17/850 |
|
|
|
[考研] 291 求調(diào)劑 +3 | 化工2026屆畢業(yè)?/a> 2026-03-21 | 3/150 |
|
|
|
[考研] 一志愿北京化工大學070300 學碩336求調(diào)劑 +5 | vv迷 2026-03-21 | 8/400 |
|
|
|
[考研] 【考研調(diào)劑】化學專業(yè) 281分，一志愿四川大學，誠心求調(diào)劑 +11 | 吃吃吃才有意義 2026-03-19 | 11/550 |
|
|
|
[考研] 306求0703調(diào)劑一志愿華中師范 +5 | 紙魚ly 2026-03-21 | 5/250 |
|
|
|
[考研] 085601調(diào)劑 358分 +3 | zzzzggh 2026-03-20 | 4/200 |
|
|
|
[考研] 306求調(diào)劑 +4 | chuanzhu川燭 2026-03-18 | 4/200 |
|
|
|
[考研] 一志愿天津大學化學工藝專業(yè)（081702）315分求調(diào)劑 +12 | yangfz 2026-03-17 | 12/600 |
|
|
|
[考研] 一志愿華南師大 070300（化學）304分求調(diào)劑 +3 | 0703武芊慧雪304 2026-03-18 | 3/150 |
|
|
|
[考研] 294求調(diào)劑材料與化工專碩 +15 | 陌の森林 2026-03-18 | 15/750 |
|
|
|
[考研] 304求調(diào)劑 +7 | 司空. 2026-03-18 | 7/350 |
|
|
|
[考研] 一志愿 南京航空航天大學大學 ，080500材料科學與工程學碩 +5 | @taotao 2026-03-20 | 5/250 |
|
|
|
[考研] 086500 325 求調(diào)劑 +3 | 領(lǐng)帶小熊 2026-03-19 | 3/150 |
|
|
|
[考研] 招收調(diào)劑碩士 +4 | lidianxing 2026-03-19 | 12/600 |
|
|
|
[考研] 288求調(diào)劑，一志愿華南理工大學071005 +5 | ioodiiij 2026-03-17 | 5/250 |
|
|
|
[考研] 085601材料工程專碩求調(diào)劑 +10 | 慕寒mio 2026-03-16 | 10/500 |
|
|
|
[考研] 材料與化工求調(diào)劑 +7 | 為學666 2026-03-16 | 7/350 |
|
|
|
[考博] 26申博 +4 | 八6八68 2026-03-16 | 4/200 |
|