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Several polymers have been used to fabricate porous scaffolds for three-dimensional cell or tissue culture to repair bone defect,including poly (L-lactic-co-glycolic acid)(PLGA). It is one of the most widely used biodegradable polymers because of its good biocompatibility and regulable degradation rate which can be readily modulated by varying the copolymer ratio of lactic to glycolic acid [1]. Several methods have been adopted to fabricate porous biodegradable PLGA scaffold, including solvent casting/ particulate leaching [2,3], phase separation [4,5], emulsion freezedrying[6], gas foaming [7,8], electrospun [9], 3-D printing [10],fiber bonding [11] and microspheres sintering [12–15]. An ideal scaffold is supposed to bear the characteristics of excellent biocompatibility, cytocompatibility, controllable biodegradability,suitable microstructure (pore size and porosity) and mechanical properties [16,17]. Poly (b-hydroxybutyrate-co-b-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) copolymers,especially PHBV with 8% HV component have drawn many attention, owing to its low cytotoxicity and cell compatibility [18].Chen et al. have studied the interactions between PHBV and human keratinocytes [19], allogeneic chondrocytes [20], glial cells [21],fibroblast and osteoblast [22], and these studies proved that PHBV can support the above cells to adhere and proliferate. In addition,PHBV matrices have been proved to support fibroblast proliferation while maintaining the structural integrity [23]. When PHBV was used as sutures, it did not bring about acute inflammation, necrosis or malignant tumor within 1 year [24,25]. |
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| 多種高分子聚物包括聚L-乳酸-聚羥基乙酸共聚物(PLGA)已被用來制備多孔支架,這些支架可用作三維的細胞或組織培養(yǎng)以修復骨缺損。由于其良好的生物相容性和可調節(jié)的降解率(通過改變乳酸和乙醇酸的共聚比調節(jié)),PLGA是用的最廣泛的生物可降解高聚物之一。目前已多種方法來制備多孔可生物降解的PLGA支架,包括溶劑澆鑄/粒子洗出。相分離、乳液冷凍干燥、氣體發(fā)泡、電紡、3-D打印、纖維成鍵以及微球燒結。理想的支架應當具有優(yōu)良的生物相容性、細胞相容性、可控的生物可降解性、合適的微結構(孔徑和多孔性)以及機械性能等特點。羥基丁酸——羥基戊酸共聚酯(PHBV),特別是含有8%HV成分的PHBV,由于其較低的細胞毒性和細胞相容性,已廣受關注。Chen等研究了PHBV和人角質形成細胞、同種異體軟骨細胞、神經膠質細胞、纖維組織母細胞、早骨細胞等之間的相互作用,這些研究證明了PHBV能支撐上述細胞以附著和增殖。此外,PHBV基質已被證明在支撐成纖維細胞增殖的同時保持其結構完整性。當PHBV用作縫合時,它在一年內不會產生急性發(fā)炎、壞疽或惡性瘤。 |
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