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怎么理解分子的四級(jí)矩 已有2人參與
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怎么理解分子的四級(jí)矩,與偶極矩比較的話 發(fā)自小木蟲(chóng)Android客戶端 |
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完整的答案需要用張量分析,下面只是不嚴(yán)格但又不失準(zhǔn)確性地做個(gè)對(duì)比: (1)偶極矩:1維空間中的電荷分布,其正負(fù)電荷的重心在原點(diǎn),且為零。 (2)四極矩:2維空間中的電荷分布,其正負(fù)電荷的重心在原點(diǎn),且為零。 (3)八極矩:3維空間中的電荷分布,其正負(fù)電荷的重心在原點(diǎn),且為零。 其中,“正負(fù)電荷的重心”的含義類(lèi)似于“重心”,區(qū)別只是后者是質(zhì)量的重心,各質(zhì)點(diǎn)的質(zhì)量恒為正值;而前者是電荷的重心,各點(diǎn)的電荷量可為正值或負(fù)值。 形象化的表示為: (1)偶極矩:1維空間中-q和+q兩個(gè)點(diǎn)電荷,兩者的中點(diǎn)位于原點(diǎn)。 (2)四極矩:2維空間中兩個(gè)-q和兩個(gè)+q,共4個(gè)點(diǎn)電荷交替地占據(jù)正方形的4個(gè)角,正方形的中心在原點(diǎn)。 (3)八極矩:3維空間中4個(gè)-q和4個(gè)+q,共8個(gè)點(diǎn)電荷分別交替地占據(jù)立方體的8個(gè)角,立方體的中心在原點(diǎn)。 可類(lèi)似地想象更高階的矩。 |
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陳老師您好,我想請(qǐng)教一個(gè)相關(guān)的問(wèn)題,關(guān)于核磁共振的四極矩: https://www.chem.wisc.edu/areas/ ... lti-02-effects-quad Quadrupolar Relaxation (QR). This mechanism operates for spin >½ nuclei only, and works well only for nuclei which are not at the center of tetrahedral or octahedral symmetry. Spin ½ nuclei can be considered to have spherical charge distributions, but for spin >½ nuclei the charge distribution has the shape of an oblate or prolate spheroid. Electric field gradients in such molecules exert a torque on the quadrupolar nuclei. Tumbling of the molecule can then initiate transitions among the spin states - there is "friction" between the nucleus and the surrounding electrons, the "quadrupole coupling constant" e2Qqz/h. The effectiveness of this relaxation mechanism is critically dependent on Q. If Q is small (as for 2H and 6Li, both with I = 1) the behaviour almost like that of a spin ½ nucleus (i.e. there is only a small deviation from spherical symmetry), if it is large the nucleus can have very short T1, observation can be very difficult, and spin-spin splitting to the nucleus cannot be observed 核磁的四極矩馳豫現(xiàn)象我可以說(shuō)是知其然而不知其所以然,尤其對(duì)于上文的“spin >½ nuclei the charge distribution has the shape of an oblate or prolate spheroid. Electric field gradients in such molecules exert a torque on the quadrupolar nuclei” 不太理解,能否麻煩您定性地解釋一下? |
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