| 5 | 1/1 | 返回列表 |
| 查看: 4856 | 回復(fù): 2 | ||||
| 本帖產(chǎn)生 1 個 ICEPI ,點擊這里進行查看 | ||||
| 當前只顯示滿足指定條件的回帖,點擊這里查看本話題的所有回帖 | ||||
9631240333新蟲 (初入文壇)
|
[交流]
怎么理解分子的四級矩 已有2人參與
|
|||
|
怎么理解分子的四級矩,與偶極矩比較的話 發(fā)自小木蟲Android客戶端 |
|
陳老師您好,我想請教一個相關(guān)的問題,關(guān)于核磁共振的四極矩: https://www.chem.wisc.edu/areas/ ... lti-02-effects-quad Quadrupolar Relaxation (QR). This mechanism operates for spin >½ nuclei only, and works well only for nuclei which are not at the center of tetrahedral or octahedral symmetry. Spin ½ nuclei can be considered to have spherical charge distributions, but for spin >½ nuclei the charge distribution has the shape of an oblate or prolate spheroid. Electric field gradients in such molecules exert a torque on the quadrupolar nuclei. Tumbling of the molecule can then initiate transitions among the spin states - there is "friction" between the nucleus and the surrounding electrons, the "quadrupole coupling constant" e2Qqz/h. The effectiveness of this relaxation mechanism is critically dependent on Q. If Q is small (as for 2H and 6Li, both with I = 1) the behaviour almost like that of a spin ½ nucleus (i.e. there is only a small deviation from spherical symmetry), if it is large the nucleus can have very short T1, observation can be very difficult, and spin-spin splitting to the nucleus cannot be observed 核磁的四極矩馳豫現(xiàn)象我可以說是知其然而不知其所以然,尤其對于上文的“spin >½ nuclei the charge distribution has the shape of an oblate or prolate spheroid. Electric field gradients in such molecules exert a torque on the quadrupolar nuclei” 不太理解,能否麻煩您定性地解釋一下? |
專家顧問 (著名寫手)
![]() |
專家經(jīng)驗: +191 |
|
完整的答案需要用張量分析,下面只是不嚴格但又不失準確性地做個對比: (1)偶極矩:1維空間中的電荷分布,其正負電荷的重心在原點,且為零。 (2)四極矩:2維空間中的電荷分布,其正負電荷的重心在原點,且為零。 (3)八極矩:3維空間中的電荷分布,其正負電荷的重心在原點,且為零。 其中,“正負電荷的重心”的含義類似于“重心”,區(qū)別只是后者是質(zhì)量的重心,各質(zhì)點的質(zhì)量恒為正值;而前者是電荷的重心,各點的電荷量可為正值或負值。 形象化的表示為: (1)偶極矩:1維空間中-q和+q兩個點電荷,兩者的中點位于原點。 (2)四極矩:2維空間中兩個-q和兩個+q,共4個點電荷交替地占據(jù)正方形的4個角,正方形的中心在原點。 (3)八極矩:3維空間中4個-q和4個+q,共8個點電荷分別交替地占據(jù)立方體的8個角,立方體的中心在原點。 可類似地想象更高階的矩。 |
| 最具人氣熱帖推薦 [查看全部] | 作者 | 回/看 | 最后發(fā)表 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
[考研] 一志愿北京科技大學085601材料工程英一數(shù)二初試總分335求調(diào)劑 +7 | 雙馬尾痞老板2 2026-04-01 | 7/350 |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
[考研] 11408 321分求調(diào)劑 +3 | huchun12138 2026-03-30 | 4/200 |
|
|
[考研] 285求調(diào)劑 +11 | AZMK 2026-04-01 | 11/550 |
|
|
[考研] 材料求調(diào)劑 +8 | 呢呢妮妮 2026-04-01 | 10/500 |
|
|
[考研] 296求調(diào)劑 +4 | 汪。! 2026-03-31 | 7/350 |
|
|
[考研] 332求調(diào)劑 +8 | Lyy930824@ 2026-03-29 | 8/400 |
|
|
[考研] 【求調(diào)劑】085601材料工程專碩 | 總分272 | +10 | 腳滑的守法公民 2026-03-27 | 10/500 |
|
|
[考研] 085600,材料與化工321分調(diào)劑 +5 | 大饞小子 2026-03-27 | 7/350 |
|
|
[考研] 311求調(diào)劑一志愿合肥工業(yè)大學 +14 | 秋二十二 2026-03-30 | 14/700 |
|
|
[考研] 環(huán)境工程 085701,267求調(diào)劑 +15 | minht 2026-03-29 | 16/800 |
|
|
[考研] 求調(diào)劑,一志愿 南京航空航天大學 ,080500材料科學與工程學碩,總分289分 +10 | @taotao 2026-03-29 | 10/500 |
|
|
[考研] 289求調(diào)劑 +7 | BrightLL 2026-03-29 | 7/350 |
|
|
[考研] 一志愿華東理工大學,080500學碩,317分,求調(diào)劑 +9 | s1145 2026-03-31 | 9/450 |
|
|
[考研] 08開頭看過來。! +3 | wwwwffffff 2026-03-31 | 5/250 |
|
|
[基金申請] 面上5B能上會嗎? +8 | redcom 2026-03-29 | 8/400 |
|
|
[考研]
|
鐘llll 2026-03-26 | 5/250 |
|
|
[考研] 295求調(diào)劑 +5 | wei-5 2026-03-26 | 5/250 |
|
|
[考研] 11408軟件工程求調(diào)劑 +3 | Qiu學ing 2026-03-28 | 3/150 |
|
|
[考研] 一志愿吉大071010,316分求調(diào)劑 +3 | xgbiknn 2026-03-27 | 3/150 |
|
|
[考研] 中國科學院深圳先進技術(shù)研究院-光纖傳感課題組招生-中國科學院大學、深圳理工大學聯(lián)培 +5 | YangTyu1 2026-03-26 | 5/250 |
|