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Intermolecular Interactions
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這是2006年Wiley出版的 Intermolecular Interactions : Physical Picture, Computational Methods and Model Potentials. 卞江教授的中譯本已經(jīng)出版。 書名:Intermolecular Interactions: Physical Picture, Computational Methods and Model Potentials 作者:Ilya G. Kaplan 作者單位:Universidad Nacional Aut¡äonoma de M¡äexico, Mexico 版權(quán):Copyright 2006 John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England Telephone (+44) 1243 779777 Email (for orders and customer service enquiries): cs-books@wiley.co.uk Visit our Home Page on www.wiley.com 出版時間:2006 Contents Preface xi 1 Background Knowledge 1 1.1 The Subject and its Specificity 1 1.2 A Brief Historical Survey 4 1.3 The Concept of Interatomic Potential and Adiabatic Approximation 11 1.4 General Classification of Intermolecular Interactions 17 References 21 2 Types of Intermolecular Interactions: Qualitative Picture 25 2.1 Direct Electrostatic Interactions 25 2.1.1 General expressions 25 2.1.2 Multipole moments 26 2.1.3 Multipole¨Cmultipole interactions 35 2.2 Resonance Interaction 39 2.3 Polarization Interactions 42 2.3.1 Induction interactions 42 2.3.2 Dispersion interactions 44 2.4 Exchange Interaction 50 2.5 Retardation Effects in Long-Range Interactions and the Influence of Temperature 57 2.6 Relativistic (Magnetic) Interactions 63 2.7 Interaction Between Macroscopic Bodies 69 References 75 3 Calculation of Intermolecular Interactions 81 3.1 Large Distances 81 3.1.1 Derivation of the general expression for the multipole expansion of the Coulomb interaction energy operator 81 3.1.2 Interaction energy of two atoms in S-states 87 3.1.3 Dispersion and induction interactions of molecular systems 91 3.1.4 Convergence of the multipole expansion 95 3.1.4.1 Perturbation series and the multipole expansion 95 3.1.4.2 Study of the convergence of the multipole expansion 99 3.1.5 Elimination of divergence in the multipole expansion 103 3.2 Intermediate and Short Distances 108 3.2.1 Perturbation theory with exchange 108 3.2.1.1 Ambiguity of the exchange-perturbation theory series 108 3.2.1.2 Symmetry adapted perturbation theories 110 3.2.1.3 Methods allowing the standard Rayleigh¨C Schr ¡§ odinger perturbation theory to be applied 114 3.2.2 Variational methods 119 3.2.2.1 The Hartree¨CFock approximation and accounting for the electron correlation 119 3.2.2.2 Basis set superposition error 124 3.2.2.3 Density functional theory 129 References 132 4 Nonadditivity of Intermolecular Interactions 141 4.1 Physical Nature of Nonadditivity and the Definition of Many-Body Forces 141 4.2 Manifestations of Nonadditive Effects 146 4.3 Perturbation Theory and Many-Body Decomposition 150 4.3.1 General formulae 150 4.3.2 Proof of the additivity of the dispersion energy in the second order of PT 154 4.3.3 The dispersion energies of higher orders 155 4.4 Many-Body Effects in Atomic Clusters 158 4.4.1 Rare gas clusters 158 4.4.2 Metal clusters 159 4.4.3 Nature of binding in alkaline-earth clusters 164 4.4.3.1 Why the study of binding of alkaline-earth elements is important 164 4.4.3.2 Nature of binding in dimers and trimers 166 4.4.3.3 Population of vacant atomic orbitals 170 4.5 Atom¨CAtom Potential Scheme and Nonadditivity 174 References 180 5 Model Potentials 183 5.1 Semiempirical Model Potentials 183 5.1.1 Hard-sphere model potentials 183 5.1.2 Lennard¨CJones potential 184 5.1.3 Modifications of the Lennard¨CJones potential 185 5.1.3.1 (12¨C6¨C4) potential 185 5.1.3.2 (m¨C6¨C8) potential 185 5.1.3.3 Kihara potential 186 5.1.4 Buckingham potential 187 5.1.5 Modifications of the Buckingham potential 189 5.1.6 Potentials describing spectroscopic properties of diatomic molecules 190 5.1.6.1 Morse potential 190 5.1.6.2 Rydberg potential 191 5.1.6.3 P ¡§ oschl¨CTeller potential 192 5.1.6.4 Kratzer potential 193 5.1.6.5 Dunham expansion and its modification 196 5.1.7 Anisotropic potentials 197 5.1.7.1 Keesom potential 197 5.1.7.2 Stockmayer potential 197 5.1.7.3 Atom¨Clinear molecule interaction potentials 197 5.1.7.4 Model potentials applied in water and aqueous- system studies 199 5.1.8 Screened Coulomb potential 202 5.1.9 Born¨CMayer potential 204 5.1.10 Boys¨CShavitt multi-parameter potential 205 5.1.11 Combined (piecewise) potentials 206 5.1.11.1 Erginsoy¨CVineyard¨CEnglert potential 206 5.1.11.2 ESMSV and MSV potentials 207 5.1.12 Model potentials applied in metal and semiconductor studies 208 5.1.12.1 Glue models 208 5.1.12.2 Explicit inclusion of the three-body term in model potential 212 5.1.13 Model potentials fitted to ab initio calculated potential surfaces 215 5.2 Determination of Parameters in Model Potentials 220 5.3 Reconstructing Potentials on the Basis of Experimental Data 224 5.3.1 Rydberg¨CKlein¨CRees method 224 5.3.2 Inverse scattering problem 227 5.3.2.1 General statement of the problem 227 5.3.2.2 Quasi-classical treatment: the Firsov approach 229 5.3.3 Reconstructing potentials from thermophysical data 233 5.4 Global Optimization Methods 234 5.4.1 Introduction to the problem 234 5.4.2 Simulated annealing 235 5.4.3 Hypersurface deformation methods 238 5.4.3.1 Diffusion equation method 238 5.4.3.2 Basin-hopping algorithm 241 5.4.4 Genetic algorithm 243 References 247 Appendix 1 Fundamental Physical Constants and Conversion Table of Physical Units 255 Appendix 2 Some Necessary Mathematical Apparatus 257 A2.1 Vector and Tensor Calculus 257 A2.1.1 Definition of vector; the addition law 257 A2.1.2 Scalar and vector products; triple scalar product 259 A2.1.3 Determinants 261 A2.1.4 Vector analysis; gradient, divergence and curl 262 A2.1.5 Vector spaces and matrices 266 A2.1.6 Tensors 270 A2.2 Group Theory 272 A2.2.1 Properties of group operations 272 A2.2.2 Representations of groups 278 A2.2.3 The permutation group 291 A2.2.4 The linear groups. The three-dimensional rotation group 297 A2.2.5 Point groups 303 A2.2.6 Irreducible tensor operators. Spherical tensors 312 References 317 Appendix 3 Methods of Quantum-Mechanical Calculations of Many-Electron Systems 319 A3.1 Adiabatic Approximation 319 A3.2 Variational Methods 323 A3.2.1 Self-consistent field method 323 A3.2.2 Methods taking into account the electron correlation 329 -dependent wave functions 329 A3.2.2.2 Configuration interaction 330 A3.2.2.3 Coupled cluster method 333 A3.2.2.4 Density functional theory approach 335 A3.2.2.1 r 12 A3.3 Perturbation Theory 340 A3.3.1 Rayleigh¨CSchr ¡§ odinger perturbation theory 341 A3.3.2 Møller¨CPlesset perturbation theory 343 A3.3.3 Operator formalism and the Brillouin¨CWigner perturbation theory 346 A3.3.4 Variational perturbation theory 349 A3.3.5 Asymptotic expansions; Pad ¡ä e approximants 351 References 354 Index 359 |
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