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感謝大家的支持，第七期活動(dòng)開始啦，大家快來(lái)參加活動(dòng)領(lǐng)取獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)吧。如果對(duì)本活動(dòng)感興趣的話，就請(qǐng)收聽我吧，您將第一時(shí)間收到本活動(dòng)的更新情況，呵呵。 第六期活動(dòng)鏈接：http://www.gaoyang168.com/bbs/viewthread.php?tid=4351522&fpage=1 第六期活動(dòng)答案： 1、interferes 2、intelligence 3、predict 4、Institute 5、activity 6、high-energy magnetic 7、a more scientific way 8、recognized as poor readers 9、make education a struggle 10、The brain scans measure the extent to which certain parts of the brain become active while the children do the work. 詞匯講解： 1. disorder n. 雜亂；混亂 例句：When returning, he discovered the room in disorder. 回家后, 他發(fā)現(xiàn)屋子里亂七八糟。 2. predict v. 預(yù)言; 預(yù)測(cè); 預(yù)示; 預(yù)告; 預(yù)報(bào) 例句：I cannot predict when to meet her again. 我無(wú)法預(yù)測(cè)什么時(shí)候會(huì)再見到她。 3. participate v. 參加, 參與 例句：Several experts will participate as technical advisers. 幾位專家將作為技術(shù)顧問參加。 4. identify vt. 認(rèn)出, 識(shí)別 例句：The policeman identified him as the thief. 警察認(rèn)出他是小偷。 5. overcome vt. 戰(zhàn)勝;克服 例句：The learner of a second language has many obstacles to overcome. 第二語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)者有許多障礙要克服。 6. intervention n. 介入, 干涉, 干預(yù) 例句：The government's intervention in this dispute will not help. 政府對(duì)這場(chǎng)爭(zhēng)論的干預(yù)不會(huì)起作用。 7. measure vt. 量出; 記錄 例句：This is a yardstick for measuring whether a person is really progressive. 這是衡量一個(gè)人是否真正進(jìn)步的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。 8. extent n. 程度, 限度 例句：What's the extent of the damage? 損壞的程度如何? 9. excellent adj. 優(yōu)秀的, 卓越的, 杰出的 例句：The student was excellent in chemistry. 這個(gè)學(xué)生的化學(xué)成績(jī)優(yōu)異。 10. majority n. 多數(shù), 大多數(shù); 半數(shù)以上 例句：The majority of his books are kept upstairs. 他的大部分書收藏在樓上。 短語(yǔ)講解： 1. Dyslexia is a problem that interferes with the ability to recognize words and connect sounds with letters when people read. connect with使有關(guān)系 例句：His research work is connected with these experiments. 他的研究工作與這些實(shí)驗(yàn)有聯(lián)系。 2. Dyslexia is not related to eyesight or intelligence. relate to同…有…關(guān)系 例句：The unemployment figures are not necessarily related to the rise in prices. 失業(yè)的數(shù)目同物價(jià)的上漲并沒有必然的聯(lián)系。 3. Brain scientists are studying whether they can predict which young children may struggle with reading, in order to provide early help. struggle with與…打架, 與…斗爭(zhēng) 例句：We still have to struggle with all kinds of difficulties. 我們?nèi)缘煤透鞣N各樣的困難作斗爭(zhēng)。 in order to為了 例句：We started early in order to arrive before dark. 為了在天黑前到達(dá),我們很早就動(dòng)身了。 4. Professor Gabrieli says children can differ a lot in their abilities from day to day. differ in在(某方面)不同 例句：These bags differ in size, but not in shape. 這些手提包只是大小不同, 并無(wú)形狀之異。 5. And, as Professor Gabrieli points out, poor reading can make education a struggle. point out指出 例句：If I make any mistakes, please point them out. 如果我出了錯(cuò), 請(qǐng)指出來(lái)。 6. When they go into the scanner, we tell them it is like going into a space rocket. go into進(jìn)入 例句：They went into the hall together. 他們一道走進(jìn)大廳。 譯文 Dyslexia is a problem that interferes with the ability to recognize words and connect sounds with letters when people read. People with this learning disorder may also have problems when they write. Dyslexia is not related to eyesight or intelligence. The problem involves areas of the brain that process language. 誦讀障礙是指當(dāng)人們?cè)陂喿x時(shí)，識(shí)別單詞并將文字與語(yǔ)音對(duì)應(yīng)的能力受到了干擾的問題�；加羞@種學(xué)習(xí)障礙的人再書寫方面可能也有問題。誦讀障礙與視力或智力無(wú)關(guān)，該問題涉及的是大腦中處理語(yǔ)言的區(qū)域。 Brain scientists are studying whether they can predict which young children may struggle with reading, in order to provide early help. John Gabrieli at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology is leading a study of five-year-olds in about twenty schools in the Boston area. 為了能盡早提供幫助，腦科學(xué)家正在研究是否可以預(yù)測(cè)青少年的誦讀困難問題。麻省理工學(xué)院的John Gabrieli在波士頓地區(qū)的二十來(lái)所學(xué)校中領(lǐng)導(dǎo)了一項(xiàng)以5歲孩子為對(duì)象的研究。 JOHN GABRIELI: "We partner with schools that have kindergartens. And in this study what we do is, for all the children whose parents permit them to participate, we give them a brief set of paper-and-pencil tests to look at which children appear to be at some risk for struggling to read." JOHN GABRIELI：“我們與有幼兒園的學(xué)校合作。在這項(xiàng)研究中我們要做的是，對(duì)所有父母允許參加研究的孩子進(jìn)行一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)短的紙筆測(cè)試，看誰(shuí)會(huì)表現(xiàn)出誦讀困難的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。” So far, fifty of the kindergarteners have been examined in a machine that shows brain activity. The goal is to study five hundred children using fMRI, or functional magnetic resonance imaging. The scanner uses a high-energy magnetic field and radio waves to "look" inside the body. 到目前為止， 50所幼兒園已經(jīng)使用一臺(tái)顯示大腦活動(dòng)的儀器進(jìn)行了檢查。其目的是通過磁共振成像對(duì)500兒童進(jìn)行研究。這臺(tái)腦掃描儀器采用高能量的磁場(chǎng)和無(wú)線電波對(duì)身體內(nèi)部進(jìn)行”查看”。 Written tests are not always able to identify dyslexia or other problems. Professor Gabrieli says children can differ a lot in their abilities from day to day. He says brain scans may offer a more scientific way to identify problems. And with reading problems, he says, early identification is important. 筆試并不總是能夠識(shí)別誦讀障礙或其它問題。Gabrieli教授稱，兒童的能力每天都會(huì)有所不同。他說(shuō)，大腦掃描可以提供一個(gè)更加科學(xué)的方法找出問題所在。而對(duì)于誦讀問題，他說(shuō)，早期確認(rèn)很重要。 JOHN GABRIELI: "All the literature is that for intervention, behavioral programs, educational programs that help children overcome reading difficulties, the younger the child, the more effective they are." JOHN GABRIELI：“所有的文獻(xiàn)都稱對(duì)于幫助孩子克服誦讀困難的干預(yù)、行為程序和教育程序來(lái)說(shuō)，孩子越小越有效�！� Reading problems are not usually identified until a child is in the third or fourth grade. The longer the wait before children are recognized as poor readers, he says, the less these interventions can help. And, as Professor Gabrieli points out, poor reading can make education a struggle. 誦讀困難通常要等到孩子上三、四年級(jí)才能確定。孩子被認(rèn)定為誦讀能力差之前等待的時(shí)間越長(zhǎng)，他說(shuō)，能夠做的干預(yù)就越少。而且Gabrieli教授指出，誦讀能力差也會(huì)導(dǎo)致學(xué)習(xí)困難。 JOHN GABRIELI: "Reading is -- everything. Even math and science have textbooks." JOHN GABRIELI：“誦讀意味著一切。即使是數(shù)學(xué)和科學(xué)也都有教科書�！� During the brain imaging, the children are given tasks related to reading. They work with letters and sounds of language. The brain scans measure the extent to which certain parts of the brain become active while the children do the work. The neuroscientists say they are pleased with early results from the study, but have a lot more work to do. 在大腦成像過程中，給孩子們閱讀相關(guān)的任務(wù)。他們做字母游戲并讀出該字母發(fā)音。腦掃描會(huì)測(cè)量孩子們此時(shí)大腦特定區(qū)域的活躍程度。神經(jīng)科學(xué)家稱，他們對(duì)早期的研究成果表示滿意，但還有很多工作要做。 The children get to take home the pictures of their brain in action. Professor Gabrieli says children who do not want to have a brain scan do not have to. 孩子們可以把這次大腦活動(dòng)圖像帶回家。Gabrieli教授說(shuō)，不想做大腦掃描的孩子也不一定要做。 JOHN GABRIELI: "I can tell you that the ones who do want to do it have an excellent experience. Almost all, the vast majority, ask when they can do it again. We treat the entire experience as a game. When they go into the scanner, we tell them it is like going into a space rocket." JOHN GABRIELI：“我可以告訴你，那些想做腦掃描的孩子都有一次好的經(jīng)歷。幾乎絕大多數(shù)人都詢問他們何時(shí)可以再做一次。我們把整個(gè)過程當(dāng)作一個(gè)游戲。當(dāng)他們進(jìn)入到掃描儀器時(shí)，我們告訴他們，這就像進(jìn)入一個(gè)太空火箭一樣�！� |
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